unit 5 0.0 / 5 ? Human BiologyA2/A-levelAQA Created by: AmhCreated on: 18-03-13 11:43 Mutation a permanent change in the amount or arrangement of a cells DNA 1 of 30 Allele An alternate form of the same gene 2 of 30 Phenotype The characteristics of an organism resulting from it's alleles 3 of 30 Phenotypic variation The total variation in the in the characteristics of an organism, usually visible. 4 of 30 Population A group of freely interbreeding indivduals of the same species occupying the same space and time 5 of 30 Allele frequencies The number of times an allele occurs within the gene pool 6 of 30 Selective advantage A variation that favors one organisms an advantage over another, making it more likely to survive. 7 of 30 Evolution A change of the allele frequency in the gene pool 8 of 30 Intraspecific competion Competition between organisms of the same species 9 of 30 Natural selection The process by which the best adapted organisms in a population survive, reproduce and pass on their alleles to their offspring 10 of 30 Speciation The process by which new species develop 11 of 30 Reproductive isolation When groups within the population become isolated from one another and cannot interbreed 12 of 30 Geographical isolation The isolation of populations of a species by a physical barrier such as a river 13 of 30 Allopatric isolation Occurs when populations are prevented from innterbreeding because they become geographically isolared 14 of 30 Sympatric isolation Occurs when populations living together become reproductivley isolated 15 of 30 Community All the living things in an ecosystem at any given time 16 of 30 Biotic factors An ecological factor which makes up part of the living environment of an organism e.g. competition 17 of 30 Abiotic factors An ecological factor that makes up part of the non-biological environment of an organism e.g temperature 18 of 30 Ecosystem The interaction of a community, made up of all the biotic and abiotic components in a specific area 19 of 30 Habitat The area where an organism lives 20 of 30 Biodiversity an area where lots of different populations (of multiple species) reside 21 of 30 Ecological niche The ecological role of an organism in it's ecosystem 22 of 30 Carrying capacity Population size 23 of 30 Limiting factors Keep thhe population at the maximum size that an ecosystem can support 24 of 30 Environmental resistance The collective term for limiting factors and carrying capacity 25 of 30 Density-dependent factors A type of limiting factor that has greatest effect on a larger ppopulation. They are usually biotic, such as disease. 26 of 30 Density independent factors A type of limiting factor that will have a similar effects regardless of size. They are usually abiotic factors such as fire 27 of 30 Genetically modified (organism) Organisms that have been scientifically altered to have specific characteristics 28 of 30 Transgenic The term given to any animal whose genetic composition has been altered by the addition of foreigne DNA 29 of 30 Interspecific variation Competition between organisms of different species 30 of 30
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