The North Berwick Witches

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  • Created by: 11rsims
  • Created on: 28-12-17 19:06
What are the reasons for witch-hunts?
local officials pursue WH without interference,judges carry out torture without kings consent, calvanist, poorer, patriarchal,belief in folklore
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What was the 1563 Scottish witchcraft act?
passed under Mary Stewart, commissions set up to investigate cases, became a national crime in 1590+91
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Who was Gilly Duncan?
questioned due to unnatural healing abilities, visited sick and elderly, Maid Servant to David Seaton who questioned her about skills and theft but remained silent so was tortured
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How was Gilly Duncan tortured?
thumbscrews, cords tightened around head, devil mark found on throat
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Who did Gilly Dincan accused after being arrested?
wives of good standing Endinburgh gentlemen
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What happened with Anne and the storms?
Anne tried to get to Scotland 3 times but couldn't due to storms, Danish Admiral Peter Munk said storms were due to witchcraft, James departed to his bride on October 1589 after he realised hiring Admiral of Scotland Francis Stewart was too expensive
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What did James do after the storms occured?
He went to Norway and Denmark where he met Danish royal courtiers who had strong beliefs in witchcraft. Met Hemmingson who discussed Calvinism with him.
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What was the 1563 witchcraft act?
forbade people from consulting with self-acclaimed witches, witches seen as abusers of people not devil worshippers, the act was rarely enforced before the voyage as people would just repent their sins
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What did Larner and Maxwell Stewart suggest?
suggests James' meeting with Hemmingsen (who had written a witchcraft book in 1575) fuelled his interest in witchcraft as he believed in maleficium, However Rii's states the journey had little impact on James and trials were localised
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What was witch-hunting like in Denmark?
had a long history of witches in late 16th century. Witches had legal protection and torture was banned, decisions by local court had to be heard at high court, trials rarely referred to a pact, Those who went against Protestant Reformation was label
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Who was Bessie Ayr?
(1576) accused of witchcraft and charged with talking to a devil who invited her to become Catholic, she confessed under torture that a ghost of a dead solider helped her heal and find stolen goods
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Who was Anna Koldings?
A letter from a spy to Peter Munk said 5 or 6 witches use witchcraft to stop Anne from travelling. Koldings was accused and gave up 5 other names under torture, they confessed to conjuring up storms and getting demons to climb on Anne's ship, Kolding
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How was Agnes Sampson tortured?
interrogated with Scolds Bridle, cords tied around limbs, sleep deprivation,
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What was Agnes Sampson accused of?
accused of: healing, discovering personal info, asking devil to help her, sailing across sea in sieve
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How was James involved in the Sampson case?
he became interested in case in 1590, confessed to the storms after torture and head shaving, James said story seemed strange & called her a liar until she replayed James and Annes words on first night of marriage, magistrates said shes coven leader
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Who did Sampson accuse?
Barbara Napier (friend of the Earl Bothwell), Richard Graham (Royal courtier- arrested in 1590-magician), Effie McCalyan (daughter of Lord Cliftonhall- accused of wanting to take revenge on father in law, accused of transferring child pains to dogs
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Who was John Fian?
School master, arrested on 20th December 1950, charged with 20 counts of witchcraft and high treason, tortured to identify other witches, he had affairs
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What happened in John Fians case?
he escaped then was recaptured & tortured (Head twisted with Rope, needles in fingernails, boots), refused to confess so torture was worsened,
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What was John Fian accused of?
kiss of shame with devil, bewitching a man in to lunacy, accidentally bewitching a cow to follow him, turning night in to day, predicting future, burning house, robbing graves,flying, dismembering unbaptised babies
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What was James' childhood like?
gained power at 17 in 1583, his mother may have married the man who killed his father, His mum was concerned about Catholics and he had Calvinistic teachers
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What was Newes from Scotland?
promoted James as a good protestant, Said he was protected from the devil as a devout Christian, The paper acted as a guide for further witch-hunts as it showed King wanted witches eliminated
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Who was Earl Of Bothwell?
Cousin of James, James trusted him by making him a member of Privy council, but lost trust when he became involved in plots: 1583 (plot to oust Earl of Arran), 1587 (critisied James for preventing execution of mother), 1589 (guilty of treason)
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What happened at North Berwick
Sampson said Bothwell asked her to predict how long James will live then asked her to send a familiar, he was arrested and held at Edinburgh castle on 15th April 1591, James asked Bothwell to collect Anne so assumed he had prior knowledge of storm
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What was Bothwells punishment?
royal proclamation removes his titles by saying he was in league with the devil, 27th Dec 1591-sttacked Holyrood castle but was defeated, James Privy council said he was guilty of witchcraft, given a pardon by James on 24th July 1593
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what happened at the 1593 trials?
Bothwell said charges were made to politically undermine him, James removed pardon and said he had to go in to exile, attempted one last uprising in March 1594 but he was unsuccessful, James said he was guilty of treason in 1595 and Bothwell fled
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Who else was implicated?
Margaret Acheson (accused by Napier and Sampson, plotted against king & met with devil), Meg Bogtoun (plotted to destoy Annes ships), Bessie Broune (Sampson accused her of dismembering a corpse on Halloween),
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What were the commissions?
1591 (5 judges given permission to torture), mid 1592 ( commissions for nobles & magistrates to investigate Witches), 1596 (James said all commissions should go through Privy councils instead of through him)
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Who was Alson Balfour? (1595)
tortured for 2 days without warrant, accused of being hired by Patrick Stewart to poison brother, 81 year old husband tortured by hot irons, son received boots, 7 year old daughter had thumbscrews, executed even though confession was under torture
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What happened as a reult to Belfours trial?
Privy council reduced number of commissions after this case
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What was the 1597 trial?
in Aberdeen, searched for Janet Wishart as she was accused of raising storm, it spread to Northern regions leading to 400 accusations, most accusations made by Margeret Aitken
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Who was Margeret Aitken?
travelled around Scotland with Kings agents, she became suspicious when she named people who she originally said was innocent.
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What were the Key Parts of Deamonologie?
Devil is danger on earth, Witches have close association with the devil, Names Witch traditions, Covens are inverted Protestant rituals, Witches power limited by devil, a guide on how to identify witches, Witches exist those who deny it are witches
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Card 2

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What was the 1563 Scottish witchcraft act?

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passed under Mary Stewart, commissions set up to investigate cases, became a national crime in 1590+91

Card 3

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Who was Gilly Duncan?

Back

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Card 4

Front

How was Gilly Duncan tortured?

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Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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Who did Gilly Dincan accused after being arrested?

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