observations when chloride ions reaction with concentrated sulphuric acid
misty fumes of HCl
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products fromed when chloride ions reaction with concentrated sulphuric acid
HCl
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observations when bromide ions reaction with concentrated sulphuric acid
misty fumes, brown fumes, and colourless gas
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products formed when bromide ions reaction with concentrated sulphuric acid
hydrogen bromide, bromine, and sulphur dioxide
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observations when iodide ions reaction with concentrated sulphuric acid
misty fumes, balck solid or purple fumes, colourless gas, yellow solid, and a colourless gas (smells like eggs)
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products formed when iodide ions reaction with concentrated sulphuric acid
hydrogen iodide, iodine sulphur dioxide, sulphur, and hydrogen sulphide
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what is formed when hydrogen halides react with ammonia
they form salts which are white ionic soldis
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what is the general formula of the products when hydrogen halides react with ammonia
NH4X - where X is any hydrogen halide
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what products are formed when hydrogen halides react with water
they form acidic solutions which are colourless
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test for carbonate ions
bubbling gas through limewater, if carbonate ions present limewater will turn cloudy and white precipitate which is calcium carbonate can be used for hydrogen carbonate
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test for sulphate ions
add a few drops of barium chloride to the solution if sulphat ions present a white precipitate will form
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test for ammonium ions
add sodium hydroxide to test solution, warm the mixture, tes the gas evolved with dap red litmus paper if positive litmus paper will go from red to blue
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test for halide ions
add dilute nitric acid - to remove any soluble impurities as they could interfere with the test, add silver nitrate a precipitate of silver halides will form
what is the way to distinguish between the different halides
add dilute then concentrated ammonia - silver chloride dissolved in dilute ammonia - silver bromide dissolves in concentrated and silver iodid does not dissolve in either
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what is the order that you perform the test to obtain the correct results
first the carbonate test, then the sulfate test and finally the halide test
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why must the carbonate test be performed before the halide test
this is because barium carbonate is insoluble and not easily distinguishable from barium sulfate
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why must the sulphate test be performed before the halide test
because silver sulfate is insoluble and could be mistaken for a silver halide
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