What is a constructive/divergent plate boundary and what does it cause?
When plates pull away from each other, creating a volcano or rift valley.
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What is a convergent/destructive plate boundary and what does it cause?
When two plates are pushing against each other. The denser oceanic plate slides under the continental plate (subduction and slab pull) creating a line of volcanoes.
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What is a transform plate boundary and what does it cause?
When plates move past each other at different speeds causing a build up and release of pressure, creating earthquakes and fault lines
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What is wegner's continental drift theory?
That there was once a supercontinent as the south American and African plate fits perfectly.
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What is palaeomagnetism?
Cooled magma that shows the magnetic pattern is arranged in the direction of the earths magnetic field, which proves that there was a supercontinent.
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What do volcanoes cause?
Pyroclastic flows - carry heated rock and ash over long distances. Secondary hazards - Lahars (mudflows and typhoons), jokulhlaups(glacial floods).
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What are the 3 types of seismic waves?
P waves - Immediate damage and travel longitudinal. S waves - Larger wavelength, arrive after P waves. L waves - Travel through the crust causing crustal fracturing, landslides, avalanches and liquefaction.
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What is the definition of a disaster?
When a hazard effects human wellbeing.
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What is the definition of a natural hazard?
A natural phenomenon that has negative effects on human wellbeing and the environment.
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How are earthquakes measured?
The richter scale - measures the magnitude. Moment magnitude scale - uses the energy produced and the movement produced by shock waves. Mercalli Scale - the intensity through damage done.
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How are volcanoes measured?
The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) - measure the amount of energy produced and the type of eruption.
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Factors affecting vulnerability.
Access to healthcare, education, housing, income, population density, urbanisation and poor accessibility.
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The global tectonic disaster trend and how can it be evaluated.
Decreased deaths due to improvement of awareness and increased capacity to cope. However, increased economic loss due to globalization and urbanization. Also, there are no exact figures on the exact number of deaths and value of damage.
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Name some mitigation and adaption strategies to modify a hazard.
Land-use zoning - policies that establish where is safest to build. Hazard resistant design - Long term construction projects to decrease damage. Engineering defenses - sea walls. Diversion of lava flows - spraying seawater to cool and solidify magma
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Name some strategies to modify vulnerability and resilience.
High-tech monitoring - International and aircraft monitoring of the earths movements. Prediction of hazards. Education, Preparation.
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Strategies to modify loss
Emergency aid - Comes from other countries and IGO's. Insurance - come from NGO's
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a convergent/destructive plate boundary and what does it cause?
Back
When two plates are pushing against each other. The denser oceanic plate slides under the continental plate (subduction and slab pull) creating a line of volcanoes.
Card 3
Front
What is a transform plate boundary and what does it cause?
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