cardiovascular system

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cardiac output
the volume of blood pumped out by the heart ventricles per minute
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cardiac hypertrophy
the thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so it becomes bigger and stronger, also can mean a larger ventricular cavity
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bradycardia
a decrease in resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute
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atherosclerosis
occurs when arterries harden and narrow as they become clogged up by fatty deposits
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atheroma
a fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery
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angina
chest pain that occurs when the blood supply through thr coronary arteries to the muscles of the heart is restricted
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stroke
a stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off
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steady state
where the athlete is able to meet the o2 demand with the o2 supply
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steady state
where the athlete is able to meet the o2 demand with the o2 supply
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blood pressure
the force exerted by the blood against the blood vessel wall
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systolic pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are contracting
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diastolic pressure
the pressure in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxing
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venous return
the return of the blood to the right side of the heart via the vena cava
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plasma
the fluid part of blood (mainly water) that surrounds blood cells and transports them
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haemoglobin
an iron-containing pigment found in red blood cells, which combines with o2 to form oxyhaemoglobin
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myoglobin
often called muscle haemoglobin. it is an iron-containing muscle pigment in slow-twitch muscle fibres which has a higher affinity for o2 than haemoglobin. it stores the o2 in the muscle fibres which can be used quickly when exercise begins
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mitochondria
often reffered to as the powerhouse of the cell as respiration and energy production occur there
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bohr shift
when an increase in blood co2 and a decrease in ph results in a reduction of the affinity of haemoglobin for o2
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pH
a measure of acidity. the range goes from 1 to 14 and anything less than 7 indicates acidity
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vascular shunt mechanism
the redistribution of cardiac output
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vasodilation
the widening of the blood vessels to increase the flow of blood into the capillaries
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vasoconstriction
the widening of the blood vessels to increase the flow of blood into the capillaries
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vasoconstriction
the narrowing of the blood vessels to reduce blood flow into the cappillaries
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arterio-venous fifference
the difference between the o2 content of the arterial blood arriving at the muscles and the venous blood leaving te muscles
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the thickening of the muscular wall of the heart so it becomes bigger and stronger, also can mean a larger ventricular cavity

Back

cardiac hypertrophy

Card 3

Front

a decrease in resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

occurs when arterries harden and narrow as they become clogged up by fatty deposits

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a fatty deposit found in the inner lining of an artery

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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