Social Change and Reform 1890-1990

Impact of mass popular culture 1918-1979

. changed in form of structure, particularly after the development of TV
. Popular entertainment changed from a group activity to something enjoyed at home

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Cinema- interwar

. affordable escapism 1918-45
. Ticket sales grow; British cinema protected from Hollywood competition by the Cinematograph Films Act
. 1927=20% of films shown in 1935 were British

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Cinema WW2

. Boost in morale
. patriotism
. 'Noel Coward's In Which We Serve'

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Cinema Post-War

. Struggled to retain popularity after TV
. Audiences fell 1,400,000 (1947) 800,000 (1959)
. 60's British cinema= 'social realism'
. 'Saturday Night'
. Critically acclaimed failed to halt fall
. James Bond very popular
. Relaxation of censorship

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Popular music

. Interwar= dance bands
. 50s= American Rock N Roll, Elvis Presley
. 60s=The Beatles
. 70s= glam rock and punk

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Radio

. grew from 20s due to low cost and listeners could easily access news
. brought the country together interwar/WW2 - retaining morale
. BBC slow embrace rock
. 1967=birth of Radio 1

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TV

. revolutionised entertainment as people stayed home
. BBC dominated initially, ITV starting 1955; only three channels until 1981
. Trend started with Queens coronation 1963 which turned TV into a must have
. 60s/70s BBC prepared to take risks, satirical

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sport

. mass attendance because it took minds off of the Depression
. boosted WW2 morale
. Broadcasting began in 1927, advent TV increased interest greatly
. 1966 32 million viewers watched England defeat West Germany in World Cup
. benefit= gov investing in sp

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Holidays before 1918

. tourism=wealthy
. expensive hotels in seaside resorts
. few went abroad- French Riviera
. continued in inter-war period

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paid holidays

. 1930s huge growth in paid holidays
. rise 1.5 million in 1931 to 11 million 1939
. 20 million were regularly visiting seaside resorts in Blackpool

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Tourism 1930s

. industrial areas closed for the same two weeks of summer every year
. mass exodus
. buses/trains took people to holiday destinations
. boarding houses/ holiday camps grew to accommodate tourism
. the railways offered day trips to seaside resorts for tho

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Impact of the car

. rose 100,000 1919 to 2 million 1939
. 1936 82 million coach passengers to rural areas
. youth hostels made hiking holiday cheap

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Butlin's holiday camp

. holiday camps=mass working class tourism
. idea from Canada, building one in Skegness 1936
. 'a week's holiday for a week's worth of wages'
. declined in 70s as people got tired of organised activities

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independant holidays

. increased car ownership, caravanning 20% of all holidays in 60s

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foreign tourism

. 'package holiday'
. post-war development
.Spain, cheap flights and holiday resorts
. 1971 4 million went abroad, rising 13 million 1981
. decline in holiday camps

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impact of car

. cars cheaper, increased leisure pursuit
. Average hourly wage 7d
. Austin Seven £125 cars were preserve of middle class

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1980's

. changing consumer focus
. 'Right to Buy' significant and popular- aspirational working class
. 'property owning democracy
. consumerism=rise in living standards not evenly spread

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Social Change and Reform 1890-1990

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