Science C1

What are soilds?

They are strong forces and fixed positions in a very regular arrangement. They don't move only vibrate and the hotter the more they vibrate, causing particles to expand slightly. If you heat it, it will melt and become a liquid.

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What are liquids?

The particles are free to move past each other but they normally stick together. They don't define a shape and will flow to fill the bottom of a container. But they keep the same volume. The hotter the liquid the faster they move.

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What are gases?

The force of attraction is very weak and they are free to move and they are far apart. They dont keep a shape or volume and will fill any container. They move constantly. The hotter it gets the faster they move. Expand when heated or their increases.

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What is a physical change in a substance?

When a substance changes from one state to another, it's a physical change. They are easy to undo by heating or cooling.

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How are atoms are rearranged during a chemical reaction?

During a chemical reaction, bonds between atoms break and the atoms change places. The atoms you started off with, which are the reactants, rearrange themselves to form different chemicals. These chemicals are called the products.

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What did J J Thomson find out?

In 1897 J J Thomson figured out that atoms weren't solid. He discovered a smaller, negative charged particles which are electrons.

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What happened to Rutherford's gold foil experiment?

In 1909 Rutherford conducted the gold foil experiment. Then the particles went straight through the sheet, some were deflected more than they expected, and deflected the way they had come.

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What is Rutherford theory of a nuclear atom?

Rutherford came up with the nuclear atom and most of the mass of an atom is concentrated in tiny, positive charged nucleus at the centre and surrounded by negative electrons.

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What is Bohr's nuclear model?

Scientists realise that electrons are in a cloud around a nucleus of an atom. It also showed that all the electrons were contained in shells. Electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells and aren't anywhere in between.

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What is a nucleus?

It is in the middle of an atom, it contains protons and neutrons, it has a radius of 1 x 10-14m, it has a positive charge because of the protons and almost the whole mass of the atom is concentrated in the nucleus.

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What are electrons?

They move around the nucleus in electron shells, they are negatively charged and tiny, but they cover a lot of the space, the volume of their orbits determines the size of the atom and electrons have virtually no mass.

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What are molecules?

They're made up of two or more atoms, and can be made up of the same element like hydrogen or a different element like ammonia.Simple molecules like atoms are tiny.The bonds that form between these molecules are a similar length to the atomic radius.

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What theory did J J Thompson find out?

Also he made the model of the plum pudding model, which is when the negative electron were spread through the positive.

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What is a mass number?

Total number of protons and neutrons

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What is an atomic number?

Number of protons

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How do you work out the number of neutrons?

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number

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What is the mass and charge for protons, neutrons and electrons?

d

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Are isotopes the same expect from the number of neutrons?

Yes

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What are isotopes?

They are different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of electrons

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Science C1

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