Richard and John Summary
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- Created by: grace mccarthy
- Created on: 30-10-23 12:36
What is a fief?
Land held by a vassal in return for service to a lord
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What is a tenant-in-chief?
Someone who holds fiefs directly from a king
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What did the vassal have to do for their lords?
Pay homage
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If a baron didn't want to provide knights, what could he pay instead?
Scutage
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About how much land was owned by the Church?
25%
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What was the punishment for breaking an oath of homage?
Forfeiture
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Who, apart from the Pope, had a say in choosing the Archbishop?
The king
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What made the Church have influence over the king?
It paid taxes to him, which he relied upon
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Who taught people to read and write?
Priests and monks
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What was itinerant kingship?
The king travels around the country to meet barons, nobles and bishops
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What was primogeniture?
First-born son is presumed heir
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How did Richard treat John after becoming king?
Made him Count of Mortain
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In what year did Richard ascend the throne?
1189
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In what year did Richard die?
1199
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Who was John's main competitor for the throne after Richard's death?
Arthur
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How long did peace last after John's coronation?
2 years
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How much time in total did Richard spend in England?
6 months
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What was William Longchamp's reputation?
He was unpopular due to his disrespect of English barons
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What was Hubert Walter's reputation?
He was popular as he worked closely with Richard
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What did John do after Richard's capture in 1193?
Attempted to seize the throne
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Who did Richard name as his heir?
John
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After the loss of Normandy in 1204, John's reign...
Got worse
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What was the reaction to the rumour that John had killed Arthur?
John lost support from many of his allies in France
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What role did religion play in village life?
Everyone went to Mass on Sunday
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What year did the pogroms against Jewish people occur?
1189
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How did Richard react to the pogroms?
He executed some of the ringleaders
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What did the Pope offer to those who fought?
Indulgence
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What is a crusader state?
Land captured by armies while they are on a crusade
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What was the name of the tax introduced for those who did not fight in the crusades?
Saladin tithe
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What was the Vexin?
Land in France that Phillip gave to Richard
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What happened to Frederick I of Barbarossa?
Drowned
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How many gold coins did Richard sell Cyprus for?
100,000
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How many Muslim prisoners did Richard execute?
2700
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What was the weather like before Richard led the troops to Ascalon?
Muddy, wet, difficult to make progress
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How did Saladin take advantage of the lack of water?
Poisoned wells
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How did Richard hold up against Saladin's assault on Jaffa?
Bravely defended it
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According to the Treaty of Jaffa, who could keep Jerusalem?
Muslims
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Why did Leopold of Austria hate Richard?
Richard had insulted him at Acre
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Where was Richard captured?
Vienna
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What year was Richard's capture?
1192
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How many marks was Richard's ransom?
100,000
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Who took charge of collecting Richard's ransom?
Eleanor of Aquitaine
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Why did Phillip want to capture Normandy?
It was close to Paris and England
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Why did Richard forgive John for trying to take over England?
His rule in Normandy was being threatened and he didn't want to have John as an enemy too
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Why did Richard make alliances with the counts of Toulouse, Boulogne and Flanders?
So Phillip was surrounded by enemies
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What city did Chateau Gaillard defend?
Rouen
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Who did John want to be Archbishop?
John de Gray
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How did John react to Langton's appointment as Archbishop?
Seized the land held by Italian clergy in England
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What year was the Interdict?
1208
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Who did John punish for the Interdict?
The clergymen who supported the Pope
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What did excommunication mean for John, aside from going to Hell?
No Christian was obliged to obey him
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While excommunicated, John...
Got richer
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Why did John and the Pope eventually reconcile?
John wanted less enemies as he was being threatened by France
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Where was the Magna Carta signed?
Runnymede
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What year was the Magna Carta signed?
1215
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a tenant-in-chief?
Back
Someone who holds fiefs directly from a king
Card 3
Front
What did the vassal have to do for their lords?
Back
Card 4
Front
If a baron didn't want to provide knights, what could he pay instead?
Back
Card 5
Front
About how much land was owned by the Church?
Back
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