rates equilibirum and ph 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryRatesA2/A-levelOCR Created by: Amy CockingCreated on: 30-03-16 18:16 Rate of reaction Change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit of time 1 of 37 Units of rate mol dm^-3 s^-1 2 of 37 Order The order with respect to a reactant is the power of which the concentration of the reactant is raised in the rate equation 3 of 37 Rate equation A+B = C is given by rate [A]^m [B]^n 4 of 37 How to work out the overall order The sum of the individual orders. 5 of 37 Units for the first order: S^-1 6 of 37 Units for second order: dm^3 mol^-1 s^-1 7 of 37 Units for third order: dm^6 mol^-2 s^-1 8 of 37 Half Life: Time taken for the concentration of the reactant to reduce by half. 9 of 37 Dynamic Equilibrium A closed system where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the backwards reaction. 10 of 37 Equlibrium Law Kc = ([C]^c x [D]^d) / ([A]^a x [D]^d) 11 of 37 Kc is only changed by: Temperature 12 of 37 Kc increases as temperature rises if: forward reaction is endothermic. 13 of 37 Kc decreases as temperature rises if: forward reaction is exothermic. 14 of 37 Kc is affected by a catalyst how? No change. 15 of 37 A Bronsted Lowry acid is what? A proton donor. 16 of 37 A Bronsted Lowry base is what? A proton acceptor. 17 of 37 What is an alkali? A base that dissolves in water that forms OH- ions. 18 of 37 Neutralisation reaction equation. Acid + Base = Salt + Water. 19 of 37 Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Water + CO2 20 of 37 Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen 21 of 37 Acid base pair. A pair of 2 species that transform into each other through gain or lose of a proton. 22 of 37 pH -log([H+(aq)]) 23 of 37 [H+] = 10^-pH 24 of 37 Strong Acid Completely dissociates in solution. 25 of 37 Weak Acid Partially dissociates in solution. 26 of 37 Acid Dissociation constant (Ka) [H+(aq)] x [A-(aq)] / [HA(aq)] 27 of 37 pKa = -log10 (Ka) 28 of 37 Ka = 10^-pKa 29 of 37 Kw [H+(aq)] [OH-(aq)] 30 of 37 Buffer Solution A mixture that minimises pH changes on addition of a small amount of acid or base. 31 of 37 End point A point in a titration at which concentrations fo the weak acid and conjugate base forms an indicator. 32 of 37 Indicators of a strong acid, strong base - Methyl Orange or Phenolphthalein. 33 of 37 Indicators of a weak acid, strong base - Phenolphthalein 34 of 37 Indicators of a strong acid, weak base - Methyl Orange 35 of 37 Indicators of weak acid, weak base - No indicators. 36 of 37 Standard enthalpy change of neutralisation. The energy change when the neutralisation of an aqueous acid by an aqueous base to form 1 mole of water under standard conditions. 37 of 37
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