In the morning, and this piece portrays serenity/peacefulness.
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What is a rag also related to (as well as a scale)?
Particular characteristics and moods.
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How can the audience appreciate the piece more?
The audience will be expected to have a clear knowledge of the rag being performed so that they can appreciate the knowledge and skill of the performer.
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What sort of Indian music is this piece an example of?
Hindustani classical music from Northern India.
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Which other style of music does the style of this piece relate to?
The instruments and melodic style relate to Persian music, but over the centuries, Hindustani music has endured its own elaborate and expressive style.
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What is the name of the principal bowed stringed instrument of Hindustani music?
The sarangi. The sarangi has three strings, up to 35 sympathetic strings, and plays throughout the piece.
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Which instrument acts as a drone?
The tampura, which is a long-necked fretless lute-like plucked instrument with 4 strings. Each of its strings are tuned to "sa" and "pa" (the tonic and dominant), has a very resonant, buzzing tone and is rich in overtones.
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What are the two tabla drums called?
The small right hand wooden drum is called a Dayan and the large left hand metal drum is called a Bayan. They are played by fingers, the palm, and the heel of the hand.
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When does the tabla enter?
In line 19 (anthology no 58), utilising a range of playing techniques and being permitted to use improvisation.
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What does the opening consist of, texture-wise?
Melody and drone.
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What does the sarangi play on the first note?
A two note chord. The resonance of the sympathetic strings creates a fuller sounding texture.
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Where does the texture notably change?
Bar 19, where the entry of the tabla provides a pulse.
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Which three elements make up a large majority of the piece?
Improvised sarangi melody, ostinato-like tampura drone, and tabla pulse.
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Where does the Alap (introduction) section begin and end?
Lines 1-13. The notes of the rag are gradually introduced, the sarangi plays in free time, and the tampura accompanies the slow meditative section.
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Which part of the piece is heard from lines 14-18?
A brief jhor, where a stronger sense of pulse is presented.
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Where is the jhala?
Lines 19-end, the tabla enters, the sarangi improvises around the rag in a more rhythmically structured way, and the speed and complexity of the melodic line gradually increases.
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What other section could the jhala be referred to as?
It could be referred to as a gat, which has a more "composed" element to it, as the jhala does, and shares a number of features with the jhala.
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What is interesting about the tonality in this piece?
Tonality is never present in a Western music sense.
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What does emerge instead of a tonality?
An emphasis on certain tones.
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How is the tabla tuned?
The tabla is tuned carefully by the player to ensure the notes produced match "sa" (as chosen by sarangi player).
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How does the sarangi create a sense of harmony?
The use of double stopping.
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How does the tampura contribute to the harmony of the piece?
The drone of the tampura interacts with melody to create either consonant (when "sa" and "pa" occur in melody) or create dissonance at other times.
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Due to the fact that the rag scale used for this piece only has 7 notes, what is it therefore called?
A "sampurna" or "complete rag".
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In which line does the range extend?
The range extends upwards in line 3 and "pa" is highlighted.
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Which lines could be considered the dramatic climax of the first part of the piece, and why? (There are 2 reasons why).
Lines 14 and 15. A series of rapid scalic patterns (tans) are used, and the highest "sa" is reached.
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How does the piece end?
The piece gradually unwinds to an end as it began (with emphasis on "sa").
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Which section has no metre?
The opening section (Alap). It is a rhythmically free section of long and short notes, chosen to emphasise important notes in the rag.
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In which line is there an increase of rhythmic figurations?
In line 14, when tans arrive.
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What happens in line 20 rhythmically?
As the piece develops further, more elaborate rhythmic functions appear, which are notated as triplets, dotted rhythms and irregular groupings.
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Which rhythmic cycle does "Rag Bhairav" use?
Tintal, a 16 beat cycle which divides into 4.
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How long could a complete performance of a rag last for?
A complete performance could last from between a couple of minutes to a couple of hours.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
When was this piece intended for performance?
Back
In the morning, and this piece portrays serenity/peacefulness.
Card 3
Front
What is a rag also related to (as well as a scale)?
Back
Card 4
Front
How can the audience appreciate the piece more?
Back
Card 5
Front
What sort of Indian music is this piece an example of?
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