Cis-trans isomers differ in the orientation around a double bond
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Define an optical isomer?
Optical isomers are mirror images.
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Describe the structure of a protein?
Proteins consist of one or more polypeptide chains-single, unbranched chains of amino acids that are folded into specific 3-D shapes as defined by the amino acids.
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Define a polypeptide chain?
A polypeptide chain is a chain made of many amino acids held together by peptide bonds.
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Describe the structure of amino acids?
Amino acids have carboxyl and amino groups that function as both acid and base.
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Describe the function of a side chain?
Side chains have functional groups the amino acids are grouped based on the side chains
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Define a R group?
Same function as side chain.
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Define a disulfide bridge?
A disulfide bridge is a bond formed between two cysteine molecules found in proteins secreted by cells.
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Define a peptide linkage?
Peptide linkages or peptide bonds are covalent bonds that join amino acids together in condensation reactions.
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Describe the primary structure of a protein
The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of amino acids.
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Describe the secondary structure of a protein
The secondary structure of a protein contains the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet.
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Describe an alpha-helix
An alpha-helix is the right-handed coil resulting from hydrogen bonding between N-H groups and C double bond O groups.
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Describe the beta-pleated sheet
A beta-pleated sheet is contains two or more polypeptide chains aligned together with hydrogen bonds between them.
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Describe the tertiary structure of a protein
The tertiary structure of a protein is the folding which results in a specific 3-D shape which is determined by interactions between R-groups.
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Describe what happens when a protein is denatured
A protein is said to be denatured when a protein is heated and the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure break down
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Describe a quaternary structure
The quaternary structure results from the interaction of subunits by hydrophobic interactions, van der Waals, ionic attractions, and hydrogen bonds. Each subunit has its own tertiary structure.
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Describe the structure and function of a chaperone.
Chaperones are proteins that help prevent proteins from binding to the wrong molecule after denaturation or when they are newly made and still unfolded they do this by surrounding a denatured protein and allowing it to refold.
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Describe the structure of glucose
Glucose is an energy source that as a straight chain or in ring forms which consist of either alpha glucose or beta glucose which can interconvert.
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Describe the structure and function of glycosidic linkages
Glycosidic linkage is a covalent bond that joins monosaccharides in condensation reactions to either form disaccharides or oligosaccharides.
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Describe the structure and function of starch
Starch is a form of carbohydrate composed of two types of polymer chains know as amylose and amylopectin that is used as a source of storage of glucose in plants.
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Describe the structure and function glycogen
Glycogen is a helical branched polymer of glucose containing a 1,4 glycosidic bonds thats used as a source of storage of glucose in animals.
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Describe the structure and function of cellulose
Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide made up of unbranched chains of glucose molecules linked by beta 1,4 glycosidic bonds found in plants.
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Describe the structure and function of fats and oils
Fat consists of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids thats used to store energy,
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Define a cis-trans isomer?
Back
Cis-trans isomers differ in the orientation around a double bond
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