Places of worship
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- Created by: hattiethehedge
- Created on: 01-11-23 11:55
What was the Athenian Acropolis ?
What was its civic importance to Athens?
What was its civic importance to Athens?
Religious heart of Athens.
occupied since the late bronze age
in 6th century it was filled with votive offerings mainly to Athena
Persians destroyed pre-parthanon in 480
the oath of pletea was sworn not to rebuild
Pericles rebuild the parthanon in late
occupied since the late bronze age
in 6th century it was filled with votive offerings mainly to Athena
Persians destroyed pre-parthanon in 480
the oath of pletea was sworn not to rebuild
Pericles rebuild the parthanon in late
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When was the parthanon built ?
between 447 and 432 BC
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what is the material of the parthanon
white pentalic marble
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what is the significance of the parthanon
shows wealth of Athens
the level of sculpture goes beyond architectural sculpture of the time
chyrselephantine sculpture of Athena parthanos
functions as treasury
gold statue removable- shoulder melted down during pelopeneasoian war
the level of sculpture goes beyond architectural sculpture of the time
chyrselephantine sculpture of Athena parthanos
functions as treasury
gold statue removable- shoulder melted down during pelopeneasoian war
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what is a pediment ?
the triangular space at the top of the eastern and western sides
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what is a Doric frieze?
identified by the alternating triglyphs a rectangular space that could be sculpted
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what is an ionic frieze ?
identified by a continuous area that could be sculpted
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when was Pheidias around?
whats was his profession?
Summary
whats was his profession?
Summary
C 480-430BC
sculptor
particularly famous for chryslelephantine statues
Athena parthanos and Zeus
Zeus is larger and sat down - more powerful
sculptor
particularly famous for chryslelephantine statues
Athena parthanos and Zeus
Zeus is larger and sat down - more powerful
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what was shown on the ionic frieze on the parthanon
depiction of the Panathanic procession
shows mortals worshiping gods
gods being present shows the reciprocal nature of the gods
shows mortals worshiping gods
gods being present shows the reciprocal nature of the gods
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what is shown on the Doric friezes of the parthanon?
this shows a series of mythical battles where order and civilization has won against chaos and barbarity
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what do the pediments show ?
these portray divine scenes related specifically to Athena. Her birth on the east and the west shows the contest
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what did Pausanias say about the pediments ?
'everything on the (east) pediment has to do with the birth of Athena; the far side (west) shows posiedon's contest with Athena over the land
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what was on the east pediment?
who was civilized and who was barbaric?
who was civilized and who was barbaric?
Gigantomachy
gods civilized
giants barbaric
gods civilized
giants barbaric
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what was on the south pediment?
who was civilized and who was barbaric?
who was civilized and who was barbaric?
centauromachy
civilized lapiths
centaurs barbaric
civilized lapiths
centaurs barbaric
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what was on the west pediment?
who was civilized and who was barbaric?
who was civilized and who was barbaric?
amazonomachy
civilized Athenians
barbaric amazonian women
civilized Athenians
barbaric amazonian women
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what was on the north pediment?
who was civilized and who was barbaric?
who was civilized and who was barbaric?
fall of troy
civilized Greeks
barbaric Trojans
civilized Greeks
barbaric Trojans
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what does the decoration of the parthanon suggest about how Athenians perceived and worshiped their patron goddess?
it shows they view her as powerful and want to honour her victories and birth
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when was the erechtheion built?
C 421-406 BC
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what is the Erehction's decoration
It was brightly painted with intricately carved mouldings
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what is the Erectheion's significance
The most scared spot on the acropolis
where Athena and Poseidon are said to have had their contest
where Athena and Poseidon are said to have had their contest
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History of the Erecthion
the worship of the Erecthion shows early Greek history
Spartans not allowed to enter
old temple of Polis used to be on this site
houses olive trees
grave of Erectheus mythical king head of man body snake
six caryatid statues acted as coloums
when the
Spartans not allowed to enter
old temple of Polis used to be on this site
houses olive trees
grave of Erectheus mythical king head of man body snake
six caryatid statues acted as coloums
when the
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Pythia
the name of the high priestess of Apollo at Delphi
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Peribolos
a court enclosed by a wall surrounding a sacred area e.g. an altar
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Adyton
a restricted area within the cellar of a Greek temple
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how big was the Adyton at Delphi?
9 x 12 feet
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Naos
a place believed to be the 'dwelling of a god' inner part of temple or shrine
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Omphalos
a religious stone artifact
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Treasury
A votive building in the form of a reduced sacred temple, designed to hold offerings
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Temenos
A piece of land cut out or dedicated to a king or god
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Promanteia
a privilege given to cities or people by the Delphi oracle- right to consult first
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how long did Dionysus occupy Delphi?
three winter months
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how many inhabitants were there at Delphi
around 1,000
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who ran Delphi ?
the Amphictyonic League
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why did Delphi have a Omphalos ?
in myth Zeus sent two eagles one to the east and one to the west and they met at Delphi. Delphi was therefore believed to be the center of the world
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when was the temple of Apollo built ?
6th Century BC
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where is the temple of Apollo?
Center of the sanctuary
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What are the Architectural features of the temple of Apollo?
Entered by a large ramp on east side
hexastyle
15 coloums down the flanks
walled room within Naos
stone Omphalos inside Naos
An Adyton
alter of Chios - gave promanteia to people of Chios
hexastyle
15 coloums down the flanks
walled room within Naos
stone Omphalos inside Naos
An Adyton
alter of Chios - gave promanteia to people of Chios
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What is the decoration of Temple of Apollo?
inscribed 'know thyself' and 'nothing in excess'
marble sculpture
Giantomachy - west pediment
Apollo in chariot east pediment
marble sculpture
Giantomachy - west pediment
Apollo in chariot east pediment
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Talk to me about the scared way
built on steep slope
very clear scared way
different polis treasuries
treasury of siphones was ornate
entrance on south-east
no single root for worshiper to reach temple- sacred way constructed later
flanked by treasuries, stoas and monuments
Athens
very clear scared way
different polis treasuries
treasury of siphones was ornate
entrance on south-east
no single root for worshiper to reach temple- sacred way constructed later
flanked by treasuries, stoas and monuments
Athens
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tell me about the spartan monument
After Sparta beat Athens in the Peloponnese war they set up a monument directly opposite the Athenian monument (from battle of marathon). group of 38 statues in two rows
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tell me about the theater at Delphi
north-west of temple
reflects presence of Dionysus at Delphi
originally had 35 rows of seats
5,000 audience
4th century
pythian festival held every 8 years - singing of a hymn to Apollo accompanied by kithara
replaced by pythian games in 582
made have
reflects presence of Dionysus at Delphi
originally had 35 rows of seats
5,000 audience
4th century
pythian festival held every 8 years - singing of a hymn to Apollo accompanied by kithara
replaced by pythian games in 582
made have
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tell me about the stadium at Delphi ?
north-west of sanctuary of Apollo
stadium built in 5th BC
restored 2nd AD
177.5 meters long
6,500 spectators each side
the removal of the scarifical wine was forbidden
equestrian events held at hippodrome just below Delphi
majority of athletics for P
stadium built in 5th BC
restored 2nd AD
177.5 meters long
6,500 spectators each side
the removal of the scarifical wine was forbidden
equestrian events held at hippodrome just below Delphi
majority of athletics for P
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when did the consultation of the pythia take place?
seventh day of the month for 9 months of the year
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where was the alternative oracle?
Lot oracle performed at Corycian cave high above Delphi
Questions were yes/ no
a black and white dice would say if it was positive or negative
Questions were yes/ no
a black and white dice would say if it was positive or negative
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when did the pythia purify herself?
how did she do this?
how did she do this?
The first day of each month
perform offerings, a priest sprinkled water on a goat and if the goat shuddered, Apollo consented to the consultation and the goat was sacrificed on the altar of Apollo.
perform offerings, a priest sprinkled water on a goat and if the goat shuddered, Apollo consented to the consultation and the goat was sacrificed on the altar of Apollo.
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who granted promanteia?
Amphictyony- supreme council in charge of Delphi
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What was a Worshiper's payment
had to buy pelanos, a honey cake that was burnt on the altar.
price changed depending on who you were and where you came form
king Croesus didn't have to pay
price changed depending on who you were and where you came form
king Croesus didn't have to pay
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where would they wait to consult Pythia?
stoa of the Athenians
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what happened during the consultation ?
men only
enter temple
accompanied into chamber to ask question
answer is usually in verse
may not have actually seen the pythia
enter temple
accompanied into chamber to ask question
answer is usually in verse
may not have actually seen the pythia
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Attic Kylix depicting a consultation of the Pythia
date- 440-430 BC
Style - red figure
artist - Kodros Painter
center - center of a kylix
current location- Berlin
significance- Shows the consulting of the Pythia
Style - red figure
artist - Kodros Painter
center - center of a kylix
current location- Berlin
significance- Shows the consulting of the Pythia
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date of Olympia
earliest buildings from 6th BC
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significance of Olympia
panhellenic sanctuary and site of the most important games
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festival at Olympia
Olympic games
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key buildings at Olympia
temple of Zeus
ash altar of Olympian Zeus
Treasuries
Echo stoa
Stadium
ash altar of Olympian Zeus
Treasuries
Echo stoa
Stadium
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History of Olympia
the sanctuary was distinguishable by a boundary wall which was called an altis
under influence of Elis
Elis provided priests and officials
before Olympic games a procession went from Elis to Olympia
under influence of Elis
Elis provided priests and officials
before Olympic games a procession went from Elis to Olympia
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temple of Zeus - Olympia
built before 456 BC
housed chryselephantine statue of Zeus
east pediment depicted the chariot race between pelops and Oinomaos
West shows Centuaromachy
Metopes show 12 Labours of Hercules
housed chryselephantine statue of Zeus
east pediment depicted the chariot race between pelops and Oinomaos
West shows Centuaromachy
Metopes show 12 Labours of Hercules
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chryselephantine statue of Zeus
seated in throne
scepter with an eagle in left
winged Athena Nike in right
large when seated shows power
scepter with an eagle in left
winged Athena Nike in right
large when seated shows power
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Ash alter
said to be where Zeus struck his lightning bolt
10th century BC
a pile of ashes from sacrifices
by 1st century AD it had a stone base and was 7 m high
10th century BC
a pile of ashes from sacrifices
by 1st century AD it had a stone base and was 7 m high
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treasuries at Olympia
northern side of the altis before entering stadium
12 treasuries
all but two from outside mainland Greece
in front of treasuries stood bronze statues of Zeus known as zanes - paid for by cheaters
12 treasuries
all but two from outside mainland Greece
in front of treasuries stood bronze statues of Zeus known as zanes - paid for by cheaters
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Echo Stoa
a single word was believed to have echoed 7 times
mid 4th century and was almost 100m long
trumpeter and herald competition held
mid 4th century and was almost 100m long
trumpeter and herald competition held
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the stadium at Olympia
192 meters long - the length Heracles could run in one breath
originally built in 560 BC
between 40,000 and 45,000 spectators
priestess of Demeter Chamyne was the only women to watch
judges and the priestess had special seats
originally built in 560 BC
between 40,000 and 45,000 spectators
priestess of Demeter Chamyne was the only women to watch
judges and the priestess had special seats
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Olympic games
in July every 4th year
1 winner
all events were versions of war
gradually reduced to the final pair
only elite athletes could go to games
10 months to train
1 month spent at Olympia
school for wrestling
winner was given olive wreath - large celebra
1 winner
all events were versions of war
gradually reduced to the final pair
only elite athletes could go to games
10 months to train
1 month spent at Olympia
school for wrestling
winner was given olive wreath - large celebra
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
When was the parthanon built ?
Back
between 447 and 432 BC
Card 3
Front
what is the material of the parthanon
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the significance of the parthanon
Back
Card 5
Front
what is a pediment ?
Back
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