Physics
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- Created by: olliej
- Created on: 22-04-15 20:49
Amplitude
Maximum distance from the rest point / zero point (loudness, brightness)
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Period
The time for one cycle/occillation/vibration
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Frequency
The number of cycles/occilations in 1 second
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Ultra sound / Ultra sonic
sound waves with a frequency grater thatn 20KHz
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Waves
Transfer of energy without transferring mass
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Refraction
Change of direction b y a wave when it enters a medium because it chages speed
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Total Internal Reflection
When a light beam is trapped inside a prism or fibre because the incident angle is greater than the critical angle and no reflection can take place
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Critical angle
Angle of incidence for which the angle of refraction is 90`
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E-M spectum
Family of waves that travel as vibrating electric and magnetic fields. Members are Radio, Mirco, Infra-Red, Visible, Ultra-violet, X-Ray, Gamma.
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Longitudinal Wave
A wave where the oscillations are parallel with the direction the wave fronts are travelling
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Transverse Wave
A wave where the oscilations are perpendicular to the direction the wave fronts are traveling
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Work Done
The amount of energy converted when energy changes from form one to another
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Power
Energy transferred per second
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Efficiency
The fraction/percent of the total input energy that is converted into useful output energy
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Conduction
The transfer of heat energy due to collisions between neighbouring atoms
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Conductor
Materials that allow heat energy to pass through them quickly METAL
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Insulator
Materials that stop heat energy passing through them rapidly AIR
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Convection
The transfer of heat energywhich causes a hotter fluid/liquid/gas to expand resulting in a density difference and the hot fluid rising and the cooler fluid falling
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IR Radiation
The transfer of heat energy using waves from the Infra red part of the the electromagnetic spectrum
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Thermal energy
Energy lost or gained between two object due to a difference of temperature
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Gamma waves
High frequency, electromagnetic waves. Produced whe a nucleus vibrates
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Alpha Particle
Helium nucleus. Consists of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (+2 charge 4 mass units)
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Beta Particle
Fast moving electron emmitted from the neucleus when a neutron changes into a proton
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Isotope
An atom which has the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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Half-life
The time for half the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay
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Charge
A property processed by the electron and the proton
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Current
A flow of charge (electrons in a wire + electrons in a liquid)
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Voltage
The energy gained by a coulomb of charge as it flows through the battery, or the energy lost by a coulomb of charge as it flows through a component
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Electrical Resistance
The work the current does because the moving electrons are colliding with the atoms in the wire.
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Ohmic Behaviour
The resistance does NOT change as the current changes (wire at a constant temperature)
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Mass
Amount of stuff or matter in an object
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Density
Concentration of mass. MAss per unit volume.
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Center of mass
Imaginary position position in an object where all the weight of the object seems to act
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Pressure
Concentration of force with area. Force per unit area
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Velocity
Rate of change of distance. Distance covered per unit tim.
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Acceleration
Rate of change of velocity. Change of velocityper unit time
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Termal velocity
Constant Velocity because balanced foreces are acting on an object
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Baalacned forces
Equal and opposite forces, canel out , so no resultant force
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Unbalanced forces
When opposing forces are not equal and the opposite so there is a resultant overall force whihc will produce acceleration
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Weight
Downward forces (pull) on an object due to the gravitaional pull of a planet
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Gravitational field strength (g)
Downward force (pull) on a mass of 1Kg due to the gravitaional pull of a planet
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Moment of a force
Turning (lever) effect caused by force acting at a distance from a pivot
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Friction
Force that opposes motion
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Reaction time
Time taken between seeing an event and responding to it.
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Braking distance
Distance the car travels while the car is braking
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Thinking distance
Distance traveled by a car (at uniform speed) because the driver has a reaction time between him seeing the problem and being able to move ones feet to put the brakes on.
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Stopping distance
The total distance of thinking disance added to braking distance
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Kelvin Scale of temperature
Temperature scale based on the KE of vibrating atoms; the zero starting point is where the atoms have no KE, they are stationary (0 K = -273*C)
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Elastic behaviour
Material returns to its original size and shape after being streched. It OBEYS Hookes law.
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Plastic behaviour
The material does not return to its original shape after being streches. It is PERMANENTLY deformed.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The time for one cycle/occillation/vibration
Back
Period
Card 3
Front
The number of cycles/occilations in 1 second
Back
Card 4
Front
sound waves with a frequency grater thatn 20KHz
Back
Card 5
Front
Transfer of energy without transferring mass
Back
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