What are the three main parts of the cardiovascular system?
The heart, blood and the blood vessels
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What are the two main types of blood vessels?
Arteries and veins
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What is the main purpose of the cardiovascular system?
To transport oxygen and nutrients around the body
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What does an artery do?
Carries blood at high pressure away from the heart
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What does a vein do?
Carries blood to the heart at low pressure
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What does a capillary do?
Carries blood to and from the body's cells
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When blood is flowing against gravity or when a vein is squeezed by muscle action there is a risk that the blood will flow in the wrong direction, what feature of the veins prevent this backflow of blood?
Valves
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How many chambers does the heart have?
4
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What are the four chambers of the heart called?
Atrium (left and right), ventricles (left and right)
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What is the definition of heart rate?
The number of times your heart beats per minute
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What is the definition of stroke volume?
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per beat
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What is the definition of cardiac output?
The amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per minute
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How can cardiac output be calculated?
STROKE VOLUME X HEART RATE
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What effect does regular exercise exercise have on the arteries and blood pressure?
The arteries become stretchiers therefore blood pressure decreases
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What effect does regular exercise have on the heart?
Hypertrophy
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Do stroke volume and cardiac output increase or decrease because of regular exercise?
Increase
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What two factors affect the pressure of blood travelling through vessels?
The speed the blood is travelling through the vessel and the width of the vessel itself
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At what pressure does blood travel through arteries?
High
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At what pressure does blood travel through veins?
Low
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At what pressure does blood travel through capillaries?
Medium
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What 5 factors can affect blood pressure?
Age, gender, stress, diet and exercise
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What is vasodilation?
When the body gets too hot, capillaries near the surface of the skin widen and blood is diverted to the skin so that heat can escape
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What is vasoconstriction?
When the body gets too cold, capillaries near the surface of the skin get narrower and blood is diverted away from the skin to limit heat loss
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What is blood doping?
The process in which blood is removed from the body so that the body produces more to make up for it. The red blood cells are separated out and stored. The blood is injected back into the body before performing giving them a high red blood cell count
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What side effects does blood doping cause?
Bloody doping can lead to blood clots and all the heart problems associated with high blood pressure
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What is blood pooling?
When blood flows in the wrong direction because the valves don't close properly
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What is systolic pressure?
The blood pressure in the arteries when the ventricles contract. This is when your blood pressure is at its highest
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What is diastolic pressure?
The blood pressure in the arteries when the ventricles relax. This is when your blood pressure is at its lowest
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the two main types of blood vessels?
Back
Arteries and veins
Card 3
Front
What is the main purpose of the cardiovascular system?
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