Neurobiological perspective of intelligence

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  • Created by: JemD
  • Created on: 23-01-24 20:44
From an evolutionary perspective, do intelligent people have bigger brains?
Yes, skull and brain size (as well as complexity and organization of our brains) has increased over time and a larger brain means better cognition as more brain cells allow for more complex processing.
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What can be used to assess in vivo brain volume?
neuroimaging techniques
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In a meta-analysis of 37 studies, what did McDaniel 2005 find?
positive correlation between brain volume and intelligence
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what correlation did McDaniel find between brain volume and intelligence?
0.33
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Who else conducted a meta-analysis of neuroimaging results and when?
Pietschnig et al (2015)
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How many studies did Pietschnig include in his meta-analysis and what was the correlation?
88 studies, r=.24
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What other cerebral structure has been earmarked as an influence on intelligence?
Cortical thickness (thickness of the cortex)
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How does the thickness of the cortex change during childhood and puberty?
increases at early ages, followed by thinning around puberty
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Who studied cortical thickness in relation to intelligence?
Shaw et al 2006
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What did Shaw et al 2006 find in terms of cortical thickness and intelligence?
1. cortical thickness develops differently in high-IQ children compared to average IQ children 2. cortex stayed thicker for longer in high-IQ
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What is a cortex?
the outer layer of grey matter in the brain.
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What did Shaw et al 2006 conclude from their findings?
intelligence related to the pattern of cortical growth in childhood and adolescence, rather than cortical thickness itself
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In terms if neural highways, what is intelligence dependent on?
A brain network that links the frontal to the parietal lobes
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What did Penke et al 2012 find waws correlated with IQ?
white matter connectivity
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What did Lovden et al 2014 find correlated with age-relate decline in IQ?
Age-related deterioration of white matter tracks
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What activity was found in higher-IQ brains when completing a task?
tended to show less rather than more activity, suggesting they were more efficient in processing
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What can be summarized about the neurobiological influence on intelligence?
intelligence associated with both structural and functional differences in the brain
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name the three structural influences of intelligence in the brain
brain volume, cortical thickness, white matter connectivity
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what is the functional difference in the brain that influences intelligence?
More efficient processing of information, in a wide network including the frontal and parietal lobes.
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What can be used to assess in vivo brain volume?

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neuroimaging techniques

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In a meta-analysis of 37 studies, what did McDaniel 2005 find?

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what correlation did McDaniel find between brain volume and intelligence?

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Who else conducted a meta-analysis of neuroimaging results and when?

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