how did westward expansion affect native americans?
the government had encouraged settlers to move west
the building of the railroads disrupted hunting grounds and buffalo and led to their near extinction
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what was the dawes severalty act?
divided the reservations into allotments and as a result, they owned the land
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when was the dawes severalty act?
1887
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when did the reservation policy begin?
1850s
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how did ww1 impact native Americans?
saw the granting of citizenship, however most were not interested in this, and would rather have seen return of land/culture
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when was the citizenship act?
1924
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when was the termination policy?
begun in 1953-1969
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what was termination policy?
made to assimilate native Americans into mainstream American life through the removal of culture and land
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what was the impact of ww2?
many gains made during the new deal were reversed
financial resources for the reservations were allocated to the war effort
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what was the benefits of the new deal on native Americans?
first time native American rights were advanced
wheeler Howard act help to preserve na culture and gave them the right to preserve culture and the right to manage land and mineral assets
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when was the Indian reorganisation act?
(new deal)
1934
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what was the Indian reorganisation act?
it offered subsidies to tribes who adopted constitutions like that of the united states and replace their governments with city council style governments
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what were the negatives of the new deal?
the original proposals were modified so that assimilation, rather than separation were perused
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what were the impacts of Nixon (60s)
In 1970
Nixon attacked federal programmes and the policy of termination
improved it through Indian education act 1972
some na nations regained land and rights
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what were the impact of ford (late 60s)
self determination act
Indian education assistance act
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when was the Indian self determination act?
1975
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what was the self determination act?
allowed tribes to take responsibility for education, health and social services
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when was the na religious freedom act?
1978
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what was the religious freedom act?
allowed na to follow traditional religion and sacred objects and rituals
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when was the US v Sioux nation court case?
1980
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what was the US v Sioux Nation court case?
ruled that Sioux nation were entitled to significant compensation
Sioux awarded 17.5m per year and an additional 5% per years interest since 1877 which gave them 105m
however Sioux preferred the return of lands
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when was the charrier vs bell court case?
1986
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what did charrier vs bell do?
ruled that burial grounds in Louisiana belonged to NA, and so states passed laws which protected NA burial grounds
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what was the native Americans rights fund (NARF)
founded 1970 to defend the rights of NA and helped to formed many of the supreme court cases
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how did a lack of unity affect progress?
tribal rivalries continued throughout the period and on reservations
the lack of unity meant that each group/tribe was fighting for different things
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when was the national Indian youth council formed?(NIYC)
1961
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what did the NIYC do?
aimed to protect na fishing rights however it developed to take on lawsuits, protecting treaty rights and religious freedom
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when was the siege of Alcatraz?
1969
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what was the siege of Alcatraz?
Alcatraz originally belonged to the na but was brought of them for $24 and some beads and cloth
offered it back to gov for $24
10,000 visitors to island during siege
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what were the impacts of alcatraz?
encouraged more militant, sometimes violent action by groups such as AIM
increased media attention
important in bringing na together to unite in 1 struggle
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when was AIM founded?
1969
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what did AIM do?
used more militant and violent actions to bring about change
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when was the occupation of wounded knee?
1973
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what was the occupation of wounded knee?
site of sioux massacre in 1890
lasted 71 days
aimed to bring attention to NA unemployment rates
bring in more sensitive attention to NA
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what was the dawes severalty act?
Back
divided the reservations into allotments and as a result, they owned the land
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