A change in the amount of or arrangement of the genetic material in a cell
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_____ are changes to genes due to changes in nucleotide base sequences
DNA mutations
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Mutagens are substances that ____
Cause mutations
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X rays, tar, UV light and gamma rays are all what?
Mutagens
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Point mutations are
Mutations in which one base pair replaces another, they are also known as substitutions
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What does a proto-oncogene do?
Stimulates cell division
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What does a tumour suppressor gene do?
Slow or inhibit cell division
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If a point mutation occurs in a proto-oncogene it can form an oncogene, what is the result of this?
This can stimulate excessive cell division, leading to the formation of a tumour.
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What is an allele
An alternative version of a gene, it is still at the same locus on the chromosome and codes for the same polypeptide but the alteration to the DNA base sequence may alter the protein's structure
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If a mutation does cause a change to the structure of the protein, and therefore the characteristics, but this gives no advantage or disadvantage, what effect is this
Neutral effect
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Attatched ear lobes or free ear lobes are an example of what?
Neutral effect of a mutation
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Why are frameshift mutations so destructive to proteins?
Because they alter every triplet after the mutation or insertion
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Why after a point mutation may there be no change at all to the amino acid sequence
Because of the degenerate nature of the DNA code, ie the altered triplet may still code for the same amino acid (silent mutation)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
_____ are changes to genes due to changes in nucleotide base sequences
Back
DNA mutations
Card 3
Front
Mutagens are substances that ____
Back
Card 4
Front
X rays, tar, UV light and gamma rays are all what?
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