Cyclotrons

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What is velocity?
The speed and direction of an object.
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What happens when an object is travelling in a circle?
It is constantly changing direction, which means that it is accelerating.
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What does this therefore mean?
This means that there is a resultant force acting on the object,
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Where does the resultant force act?
It acts towards the centre of the circle.
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What is the force that keeps something moving?
The centripetal force (keeps it going round in a circle)
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What happens to a charged particle in a magnetic field?
It will experience a force that is perpendicular to its direction of travel.
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What does this force do?
It makes the particle form a curved track.
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What does the direction of the particle depend on?
The direction depends on the particle's charge.
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The paths of positive and negative particles curve...
in opposite directions.
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What happens when the particles lose energy?
They slow down and interact with other particles, causing the particles to move in spirals.
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The less energy the particle has...
the more curved its path will be.
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What are magnetic fields used to make?
They make charged particles move in circular or spiral paths in particle accelerators.
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What is a cyclotron?
It is a particle accelerator which uses a magnetic field to accelerate particles to very high energies along circular paths.
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Where do the charged particles start?
At the centre of the cyclotron
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How does the cyclotron work?
It uses two hollow semicircular electrodes to accelerate the particles across a gap.
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What is applied between the electrodes?
An alternating potential difference.
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What happens as the particles are attracted from one side to another?
The particles energy increases.
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What does the magnetic field do?
It keeps the particles moving in a circular motion and makes the particles spiral outwards as their energy increases.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What happens when an object is travelling in a circle?

Back

It is constantly changing direction, which means that it is accelerating.

Card 3

Front

What does this therefore mean?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where does the resultant force act?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the force that keeps something moving?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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