Moral Argument 0.0 / 5 ? Religious StudiesPhilosophyTraditional arguments for the existence of GodASOCR Created by: theblazingoptimistCreated on: 01-02-16 17:57 What did Kant believe we were able to know God through, if considering morality? Practical reason 1 of 27 What's the first step of Kant's moral argument? HINT: Summum bonum Person w/ right moral intentions seeks to bring about Highest Good (summum bonum) 2 of 27 What's the second step of Kant's moral argument? HINT: "Ought implies can" Req. by sense of duty (categorical imp.) to bring about Highest Good → must be attainable 3 of 27 What's the third step of Kant's moral argument? HINT: virtue, happiness Humans can achieve virtue in lifetime but it’s beyond us to ensure reward of happiness. (humans ≠ omnipotent) This = attainable in afterlife. 4 of 27 What's the fourth step of Kant's moral argument? HINT: God Therefore, must be God w/ power to ensure coincidence of virtue + happiness 5 of 27 Why does Pascal think a person should believe in God? B/c it → reward in afterlife 6 of 27 What does Pascal believe happens to people who live in indulgence? Judgement + punishment 7 of 27 Give one criticism of Pascal. Argument only works on 1 level; person can live indulgently w/o punishment, or live good life w/ no afterlife reward due to non-existence of God. 8 of 27 What did Cardinal Newman believe was evidence for God's existence? Conscience 9 of 27 Explain Robert Adams' moral argument. Right/wrong = determined by commands of omnibenevolent God. No God/no omnibenevolent God → no morality, therefore God exists. 10 of 27 What question does Brian Davies ask of morality? Why does it have to come from ✞ God - pantheon of angels? 11 of 27 What did Russell believe about maturity? Requires riddance of religion 12 of 27 What did Russell believe about free will and rewards for virtuous behaviour? They were incompatible. 13 of 27 What did Joseph Fletcher believe about morality? More complex than obeying objective duty 14 of 27 What did Fletcher believe about how people respond to moral situations? They do so in the most loving way 15 of 27 How did J.L Mackie criticise the moral argument? Evidence of biological, sociological, psychological explanation for conscience makes moral argument indefensible 16 of 27 What did Sigmund Freud believe about the sense of duty, said by theists to come from God? Product of childhood conditioning 17 of 27 Name three things that Freud believed were factors in morality. Upbringing, friends, society 18 of 27 Name the three parts Freud believed made up the mind. Id, ego and superego 19 of 27 Describe the Id. Unconscious self, primitive mind. Contains all basic needs/feelings. 20 of 27 Describe the Ego. Conscious self, functions w/ rational part of mind, controls Id. 21 of 27 Describe the Super-Ego. Moral part of mind. 22 of 27 What did Freud believe conscience was? Internalised childhood guilt. 23 of 27 What quote shows God as the source of morality? “He has also set eternity in the human heart…” – Ecclesiastes 3:11 24 of 27 What did Hick believe about Kant's moral argument? Just b/c summum bonum = logically possible, it doesn't follow that it exists 25 of 27 Where does Bertrand Russell believe our morality comes from? A desire to better society and the people w/i it 26 of 27 What quote shows Karl Marx's view that morality is a social construct? "Religion is the opium of the people." 27 of 27
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