Monoclonal antibodies B6

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How are monoclonal antibodies produced?
They are produced by stimulating mouse lymphocytes to make a particular antibody. The lymphocytes are combined with a tumour cell to make a hybridoma cell. The hybridoma
cell can both divide and make the antibody.
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How are monoclonal antibodies produced? (cont.)
Single hybridoma cells are cloned to produce many identical cells that all produce the same antibody. A large amount of the antibody can be collected and purified.
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Why are monoclonal antibodies called this?
They all come from a single clone of hybridoma cells
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The antibodies are specific to one _______ ____ on one _______ _______ and so are able to target a _______ chemical or _______ cells in the body, so they have a large number of uses
The antibodies are specific to one BINDING SITE on one PROTEIN ANTIGEN and so are able to target a SPECIFIC chemical or SPECIFIC cells in the body, so they have a large number of uses
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How are monoclonal antibodies used?
-Pregnancy tests
-In labaratories
-In research
-To treat and prevent cancer
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How are monoclonal antibodies used in pregnancy tests?
Advantages?
They are used to detect a specific hormone, which is produced by the placenta.

The test kits with monoclonal antibodies are cheap, highly accurate and easy to use (woman urinates)
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How are monoclonal antibodies used in laboratories?
Advantages?
To measure the levels of hormones and other chemicals in blood, or to detect pathogens

They are specific to what we are looking for
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How are monoclonal antibodies used in research?
To locate or identify specific molecules in a cell or tissue by binding to them with a fluorescent dye. The antibodies stick to specific molecules so we can see their locations
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How are monoclonal antibodies used to treat cancer?

(flagging, growth factor)
1) MABs bind to antigens on cancer cells to flag them. Phagocytes then engulf everything
2) Growth factor hormone can cause cells to divide uncontrollably. MABs bind to cell receptors + block growth hormone from binding
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How are monoclonal antibodies used to treat cancer?

(radioactive)
3) MABs can have radioactive/toxic chemicals attached to them. They target specific cancer cells and kill them
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Disadvantages of using monoclonal antibodies to treat diseases
They have been found to produce harmful side-effects, so they are not as widely used as they were originally expected to be
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What is an antibody?
They are proteins which are made b
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How are monoclonal antibodies produced? (cont.)

Back

Single hybridoma cells are cloned to produce many identical cells that all produce the same antibody. A large amount of the antibody can be collected and purified.

Card 3

Front

Why are monoclonal antibodies called this?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

The antibodies are specific to one _______ ____ on one _______ _______ and so are able to target a _______ chemical or _______ cells in the body, so they have a large number of uses

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How are monoclonal antibodies used?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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