MIS week 2
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- Created by: jmf00632
- Created on: 16-12-19 18:09
I.T infastructure defined
The technology resources that provide the platform for an information system
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what are 3 types of I.T infastructure
• Physical devices – Computers, network devices, input/out devices • Software – Applications, – Operating systems • Service – IT service, management – Training, R&D
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Connection between I.T, infustruture and business - what is a direct function of I.T infastructure?
The services a firm is capable of providing to its customers, suppliers, and employees are a direct function of its IT infrastructure.
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What does n i.t infastruture include?
An IT infrastructure includes investment in hardware, software, and services—such as consulting, education, and training—that are shared across the entire firm or across entire business units in the firm.
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what does an i.t infastructure provide?
A firm’s IT infrastructure provides the foundation for serving customers, working with vendors, and managing internal firm business processes
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how it creates competitive advantage through IT?e.g.
• lowering costs, enhances differentiation, recommendations
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e.g.
tesco reduce things in the evening. now tesco has started to use had held devices to see what products are the most popular – this causes them to make more revenue – customisation e.g. American express use it infrastructure to customise customers
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Evolution of IT infrastructure- the 5 eras are:
General-purpose mainframe, personal computer, Client/server era, enterprise computing era, Cloud and mobile computing
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general purpose mainframe - example and info
used for time sharing and multi-tasking – they are still being used today. for example behing an ATM machine is the ibm computer
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personal computer era - example and info
– ibm – this was the start of the PC area – they then outsourced to bill gates who changed the computer industry. ibm have struggled since then. they are still big but not as big as Microsoft between 70 and 80 percent of laptops are run by Microsoft
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fyi.....
Technologies that characterise one era may also be used in another time period for other purposes. – e.g. ibm systems are used in ATM machines
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what software do we have behind the scenes and what does it do?
behind the scenes we have the cpu- it is the software that coordinates how all other software programmes should work
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central processing unit is.....
the part in a computer that actually does computing
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What are software running on and what does it determine?
• Single-core → Dual core → Quad core → Hexa core → Octa core – this is what softwres are running on. this determines how fast a cpu talsk to the other software programme
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where can you directly access data?
this can be accessed directly from the cpu – when you don’t save a document this is because it has not been saved to the cpu
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what is moores law?
The number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubles every 2 years.”
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when google was being created, why was moores law important to them?
it was important that they were the fastets. they realised that this would change every 2 years and get cheaoer so google had to put this nito consideration to be the best and improve every 2 years
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moores law- implications
the power of microprocessor doubles every year and the cost of computing falls by half every 2 years
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what is a bit?
• A bit is the smallest unit of data for computers to process- 1 byte = 8 bits
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software
A series of instructions that control the operation of a computer system.
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o Operation system software – manages hardware resources - examples
• Windows 8, Mac OS X, Linux • Android, iOS, Windows mobile
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what do application software do?
perform specific tasks
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examples of application software
• MS Word, Excel, Outlook, Firefox, iTunes… • SAP, Oracle-Peoplesoft • Instagram, Wechat
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what are the 7 major component’s of a firms i.t. infrastructure?
internet platforms, computer hardware platforms, operating system platofrms, enterprise software applications, networking telecommunications, consulting and system integrerators, data management and storage
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FYI
remember to look on week 2 document for more info on this
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computer hardware platforms
are.... (4)
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client machines....
• Desktop PCs, laptops • Mobile computing: smartphones, tablets
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servers....
Blade servers: ultrathin computers stored in racks
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mainframes....
• IBM mainframe equivalent to thousands of blade servers
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top chip producers...
• Intel, AMD
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4 reasons why you should network....
• Sharing data/information • Facilitating communications • Sharing IT resources • Improving reliability of the IT infrastructure
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client server Architecutre
Server – someone who serves and A computer that provides data and services and client needs o be served
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examples of servers
email, web, application server (applies business logic in processing service requests), file, printer. database
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4 features of servers
• High performance • High availability • Robust and resilient • Dedicated to one main task
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3 features of clients
• Front-end user interface • Does not share resources • Initiates the service
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what does the complex, multitiered (often called N-tier) model do?
client/server architectures in which the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested
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intranet definition
Uses existing network infrastructure – Uses the same TCP/IP network protocols – A private version of the Internet within an organisation that is protected by firewalls
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extranat definition
– An extension of Intranet to customers and business partners
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virtual private network (vpn)
Uses the public Internet infrastructure • Uses a special "tunneling" protocol (e.g., SSL) to secure
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what are the 5 new system trends?
• Software as a Service • Cloud computing • Web 2.0 • Virtualisation • Free & Open Source Software (FOSS)
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cloud computing
In cloud computing, hardware and software capabilities are a pool of virtualized resources provided over a network, often the Internet. Businesses and employees have access to applications and IT infrastructure anywhere, at any time, and on any devic
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tangible benefits
• can be qualified and assigned monetary value
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intangible benefits
• cannot be immediately quantified but may lead to quantifiable gains in the long run (e.g. DSS that influence managerial decision making)
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6 competitive forces model for i.t infrastructure: - number 1
1. Market demand for your firm’s customer services, supplier services and enterprise services e.g. (are customers currently complaining about your service?)
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6 competitive forces model for i.t infrastructure: - number 2
2. your firms business strategy - Analyze your firm’s five-year business strategy and see what you need to do to achieve those goals
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6 competitive forces model for i.t infrastructure: - number 3
3. your firms i.t. strategy, infrastructure and cost - Examine your firm’s information technology plans for the next five years and TCO analysis
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6 competitive forces model for i.t infrastructure: 4,5 and 6
4. I.T assessment 5. competitor firms i.t services 6. compieotr firms i.t infrastructure investments
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what are the 4 drawbacks of cloud computing? (1)
• the responsibility for data storage and control is in the hands of the provider. - Some companies worry about the security risks related to entrusting their critical data and systems to an outside vendor that also works with other
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what are the 4 drawbacks of cloud computing? (2)
• more appealing to small and mediumsized businesses that lack resources to purchase and own their own hardware and software. However, large corporations have huge investments in complex proprietary systems supporting unique business processes.
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what are the 4 drawbacks of cloud computing? (3)
• paynig a monthly fee can be be expensive for big companys (more employees to buy for)
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what are the 4 drawbacks of cloud computing? (4)
• cloud reliability and security
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What business benefits do cloud computing services provide? What problems do they solve?
with flexible computing power and data storage, as well as data management, messaging, payment, and other services that can be used together or individually as the business requires - helps them run their business.
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why is cloud computing good for start up companies?
no longer need to build their own data center. With cloud infrastructures like Amazon’s readily available, they have access to technical capability that was formerly available to only much larger businesses.
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What kinds of businesses are most likely to benefit from using cloud computing? Why
smller companies- low overhead and infrastructure management cost
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what is more sutiable for larger companies?
hybrid cloud computing model where they use their own infrastructure for their most essential core activities and adopt public cloud computing for less-critical systems or for additional processing capacity during peak business periods
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What are the current trends in computer software platforms?
1. open source software and linux 2. Java, HTML, and HTML5: HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) HTML5,
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what is I.T infastructure?
IT infrastructure is the shared technology resources that provide the platform for the firm’s specific information system applications.
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what does i.t infrastructure include?
IT infrastructure includes hardware, software, and services that are shared across the entire firm.
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what are the 5 stages of i.t infastructure evolution?
the mainframe era, the personal computer era, the client/server era, the enterprise computing era, and the cloud and mobile computing era.
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what does moores law deal with?
exponential increase in processing power and decline in the cost of computer technology, stating that every 18 months the power of microprocessors doubles and the price of computing falls in half.
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The Law of Mass Digital Storage deals with ....
exponential decrease in the cost of storing data, stating that the number of kilobytes of data that can be stored on magnetic media for $1 roughly doubles every 15 months
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metcalfes law states.....
network’s value to participants grows exponentially as the network takes on more members. Th
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metcalfes law also states.....
rapid decline in costs of communication and growing agreement in the technology industry to use computing and communications standards is also driving an explosion of computer use.
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What are the 5 current trends in computer hardware platforms?
mobiles, Quantum computing – boost processing power, . Virtualization, cloud computing, green computing
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What are the 3 current trends in computer software platforms?
linux, java, HTML5,
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What are the challenges of managing IT infrastructure and management solutions?
making wise infrastructure investments
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solution to this problem?
using a competitive forces model to determine how much to spend on IT infrastructure and where to make strategic infrastructure investments,
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what are 3 types of I.T infastructure
Back
• Physical devices – Computers, network devices, input/out devices • Software – Applications, – Operating systems • Service – IT service, management – Training, R&D
Card 3
Front
Connection between I.T, infustruture and business - what is a direct function of I.T infastructure?
Back
Card 4
Front
What does n i.t infastruture include?
Back
Card 5
Front
what does an i.t infastructure provide?
Back
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