Economy reliant on small scale agricultural production, women had few rights, illiteracy, poor healthcare
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What percentage of the Chinese population lived in poor rural areas?
80%
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In 1949 what was China emerging from?
A Civil War between the communists and the nationalists.
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What were social attitudes rooted in?
Confucian thought; emphasising respect for elders
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What was the status of women like?
Women were not considered equal and could not own property.
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Where did the nationalists flee to?
The island of Taiwan
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What was the result of the Civil War?
Refugees clogged the country's transportation networks, infrastructure destroyed, poverty and malnutrition spread.
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What did Mao proclaim to the crowds gathered in Tiananmen Square?
That the Chinese nation had "stood up"
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What had happened in 1911?
A rebellion against the Qing Dynasty
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What had made Chinese people resent the Qing Dynasty?
Industrialised Western powers such as France, Britain and Russia had taken advantage of China, taking land
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What happened after the fall of the Qing Dynasty?
Chaos; country was partitioned and partially run by warlords who ran the country as private fiefdoms
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Who were the Guomindang?
Led by Chiang kai-Shek, sought capitalist economics yet authoritarian rule
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What issues did the GMD face in battle?
Their generals were corrupt and incompetent
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What problem faced the communists by the GMD fleeing to Taiwan?
They took with them gold and dollar reserves, many of the educated elites left with the GMD
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What other issues did the communists face?
A lack of experience in civilian government, although they were talented guerilla fighters
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What was China referred to as?
The Sick Man of Asia
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What did this mean?
Its economy was stagnant
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How many bandits roamed the countryside?
1 million
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What was the biggest issue with China's economy?
The GMD was unable to support itself through taxation, GMD bankrolled its armies through printing money
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(Industry) In 1940, 100 Chinese yuan was enough to buy a pig...
By 1945, it was only enough to buy a fish; by 1946, it was only enough to buy an egg
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In 1949, what percentage was China's factory output?
44% below its level in 1937
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What was Shenyang described as?
(Having been) "reduced from a great industrial city into a tragic, crowded way station."
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What did a foreigner report about Shanghai cotton spinning mills?
"Are working three days a week and have only six months' stock left to operate
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What did Mao admit about China's industrial problem?
"China's modern industry still forms a very small proportion of the national economy...only about ten per cent of the total value of output of the national economy."
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What was the ideological problem that came about as a result of industrial issues?
In Marxist thinking the industrial workers were central to communism
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By 1953, what percentage of Party members were industrial urban workers?
10%
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What did the peasants think of the communists?
They supported them, but had no interest in national politics or revolution, instead they sought better economic opportunities
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What did the communists promise the peasants?
Land reform, they would own land rather than renting it from landlords
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What issues faced Chinese agriculture?
Primitive and underdeveloped
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What did the US think of communist China?
They thought that it was dangerous due to the domino effect
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Why was transportation so badly damaged?
The communists bombed infrastructure to prevent nationalist advances
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What was the Common Program for China?
A constitution developed by the new CCP
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Who did Mao include at the CPPCC?
Left-wing GMD members, members of the Democratic League
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What percentage of the Chinese population lived in poor rural areas?
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