By the end of 1951, how many 'landlords' had lost their land?
10,000,000
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By the end of 1951,how much land had changed hands?
40%
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What happened to those found guilty of being a 'landlord'?
They had their possessions confiscated and divided up between villagers, and they were beaten and executed by the villagers
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What did putting power in the hands of peasants allow the party to do?
Underline its claims that this was a peasant-led revolution against the old landlord class (backed by the villagers doing the killing)
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Why did collectivisation began so rapidly?
The party hadn't intended the peasantry to become so involved in being the new landowners
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What was the first step towards collectivisation in 1951?
Mutual Aid Teams were formed out of 10 or so families to pool labour, livestock, and equipment, whilst still owning their land
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Why did the creation of MATs cause struggles for peasants outside of them?
Those who did not join found it hard to get hold of resources, and risked persecution
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What was the next step for successful MATs in 1952?
Agricultural Producers Co-operatives (APCs)
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What were the features of APCs?
40-50 families, land could be pooled and consolidated into larger units, larger holdings could be kept for personal use (an incentive for richer families to join)
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Collectivisation was voluntary up until 1955, true or false?
True
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What year did Mao have to slow down collectivisation and why?
1953, because APC planning was rushed by local officials and they went into debt from buying equipment
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Why did Mao condemn the slowdown as a 'rash retreat' in 1954?
Peasants started buying and selling food and land privately and he saw this as a rejection of revolutionary values
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When did Mao decide to go for all-out collectivisation after an 18 month halt?
July 1955
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How many households were in APCs by January 1956 compared to their July 1955 numbers?
17 million to 75 million
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By the end of 1956, how many peasants were left farming as individuals?
3%
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Following forced rapid collectivisation, what were the APCs converted into?
Higher Producers Co-operatives (HPCs)
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What were the features of HPCs?
200-300 households, families owned no land or equipment, profits shared at the end of the year based on work points system
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Why was collectivisation an ideological success?
The state now owned the means of production that 90% of the population worked
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Why was collectivisation politically challenging for Mao?
Why was collectivisation politically challenging for Mao? and the speed in which he did so, but the peasantry were now servants of the party
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Why was rapid collectivisation setting Mao up for failure?
He became massively overconfident, which lead to the catastrophic great leap forward
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What was walking on two legs?
the CCP drifting away from the soviet model of industry over agriculture, and function on their own developing both simultaneously
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Where did the initial steps towards collectivisation come from?
cadres in Henan who reported APCs were asking to merge for water control projects
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What was Mao's ideological justification for the people's communes?
he didn't want the revolution to lose impetus
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What was the first commune in 1958?
Sputnik in Henan, had over 9000 households
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What wasn't possible once the communes were set up?
moving elsewhere without an internal passport
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the main weakness of both the industrial and agricultural reforms up until 1960?
Back
Mao ignored the advice of experts and put blind faith in political willpower
Card 3
Front
What year was collectivisation accelerated, and when was it completed?
Back
Card 4
Front
When was the first 5 year plan?
Back
Card 5
Front
What was the Agrarian Reform Law actually intended to do?
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