Integumentary system

whats another name for the skin?

cutaneous membrane

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true or false, the skin is the the largest organ but 2nd heaviest

true

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what are the 3 layers of the skin in order?

epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous

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what is the epidermis?

the superificial layer that is the thinnest, contains 5 layers when it is thick skin

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what are the 5 layers of the epidermis?

stratum corneum, stratum lucidium, stratum granulosum, stratum spnosum, stratum basale

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what cells are in the epidermis?

KERATINOCYTES: 90%, produces keratin to protect skin and waterproof, MELANOCYTES: 8%, produces melanin that gives skin colour, intraepidermal macrophage for immune response and tactile epithelial cells for touch

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What is the dermis?

thickest layer, connective tissue, vascular, mainly live cells

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what are the different layers of the dermis?

SUPERIFICAL PAPILLARY REGION: 1/5, contains connective tissue, fine elastic fibers, capillary loops and meissner corpuscles DEEPER RETICULAR REGION: 4/5, contains collagen & elastic fibers, sweat & sebaceous glands, hair follicles, nerves & adipose

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what is the subcutaneous layer?

areolar and adipose tissue, contains pacinian corpuscles (sensitive to pressure)

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what are the accessory structures of the skin?

hair, nails and skin glands

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Hair

present on most skin surfaces, genetic & hormonal influences, main functions are protection, sweat, etc, normal loss is 75-100 a day

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stages of hair growth

anagen, catagen, telogen

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Nails

made of tightly packed dead kertainised epidermal cells,nail bed is visble but nail root is hidden, growth rate about 1mm a week, functions: protection, grasp & scratch

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Skin glands

SEBACEOUS GLANDS: produce sebum to prevent dry, SWEAT GLANDS: involved in emotional sweating, eccrine - regulate body temp and apocrine - dont regulate temp

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functions of the skin

thermoregulation, blood reservoir, protection, sensations, excretion/absorption and Vit D synthesis

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what does keratin do?

protects underlying tissues from infections, chemicals & heat

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what do lipids do?

inhibit evaporation of water

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what does sebum do?

keeps hair from drying

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what does acid do?

ph sweat stops bacterial growth

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what does melanin do?

protects from UV damage

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what do macrophages do?

phagocyts and activate immune system

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Vitamin D

synthesised in skin in response to UV and diet, transported to liver

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Integumentary system

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