Injury prevention and the rehabilitation of injury

Acute injuries
Hard tissue injuries: Fractures

Fracture - Partial or complete break in bone
Signs - Swelling, discolouration and deformity
Symptoms - Pain and inability to move

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Acute injuries
Hard tissue injuries: Dislocation

Dislocation - Joint pushed past its range of motion
Signs - Deformity and discolouration
Symptoms - Severe pain and loss of movement

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Acute injuries
Soft tissue injuries: Contusion and haematoma

Contusion - (Bruise) Area of skin where blood vessels are damaged
Haematoma - Internal bleeding
Signs - Swelling and discolouration
Symptoms - Pain at touch

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Acute injuries
Soft tissue injuries: Sprain

Sprain - Sudden twist, impact or fall forcing joint beyond range of motion
Signs - Swelling and bruising
Symptoms - Inability to bear weight and pain

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Acute injuries
Soft tissue injuries: Strain

Strain - Overstretching of muscles
Signs - Swelling/discolouration and bruising
Symptoms - Pain on movement

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Acute injuries
Soft tissue injuries: Abrasions

Abrasions - Caused by falling, slipping or clothing rubbing on body. Severe abrasions may need stitching

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Acute injuries
Soft tissue injuries: Blister

Blister - Occur due to friction on skin, preventable with correct footwear, training load and equipment

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Acute injuries
Soft tissue injuries: Concussion

Concussion - Traumatic brain injury resulting in disturbance for brain function
Signs - Post traumatic seizure, loss of consciousness, balance issues, confusion
Symptoms - Lying motionless, headache/dizziness, visual problems, vomiting

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Chronic injuries
Hard tissue injuries: Stress fracture

Stress fracture - Tiny cracks in surface of a bone through overuse

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Chronic injuries
Soft tissue injuries: Shin splints

Shin splints - Chronic pain due to inflammation of muscles and stress on tendons

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Chronic injuries
Soft tissues injuries: Tendinosis

Tendinosis - Deterioration of tendons in chronic overuse
Signs - Limited movement/stiffness
Symptoms - Burning, stinging and aching

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Intrinsic risk factors

Intrinsic risk factor - Risk factor within the body
Previous injury, posture issues, age, nutrition, poor preparation, inadequate fitness level, inappropriate flexibility level

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Extrinsic risk factors

Extrinsic risk factor - Risk factor from outside the body
Poor technique and training, incorrect equipment and clothing, inappropriate FITT, inappropriate warm up/cool down

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Warm up

Used for: Raising body temp, preparing the body psychologically, preparing the body physiologically and minimising risk of injury
Key features: 20-45 minutes, gradually increasing in intensity, stretching, mobility and pulse raiser

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Cool down

Used for: Maintaining HR, aiding removal of lactic acid, aiding the healing process
Key features: 20-30 minutes, gradually decreasing in intensity, several stages to benefit the body, i.e moderate intensity activity to maintain HR and remove waste

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SALTAPS

Stop - Stop the game and observe the injury
Ask - Ask the player about the injury
Look - Check for swelling, bruising or deformity
Touch - Check again this time by feeling
Active - Ask for movements from the player
Passive - Move the injured limb/body par

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PRICE

Protect - Protect injury from further damage
Rest - Rest for 2-3 days, reintroducing movement gradually
Ice - Ice the area with cold compress to reduce swelling and bruising
Compress - Compress area with elastic bandage
Elevate - Rest injury above the lev

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The 6 R's of concussion

Recognise - Learn signs and symptoms to identify
Remove - Player with concussion must be removed immediately
Refer - Athlete should be referred to healthcare professional
Rest - Must rest until they are symptom free
Recover - Must be fully recovered and

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Treatment of injuries
Simple fracture

PRICE
Immobilisation
Anti-inflammatory pain medication
Potentially surgery
Physiotherapy

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Treatment of injuries
Stress fracture

Diagnosis and advise
PRICE
Rest for 2 weeks, avoid advice for 8 weeks
Immobilisation may be needed
Gentle return to exercise
Strengthening exercise

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Treatment of injuries
Dislocation

Medical attention ASAP
Immobilisation; no attempt to reposition
PRICE
Anti-inflammatory and pain medication
Potentially surgery
Physiotherapy

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Treatment of injuries
Sprain

Medical attention in severe cases
PRICE
Immobilisation or support
Anti-inflammatory or pain medication
Strengthening exercise
May need reconstructive surgery
Heat and contrast therapy

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Treatment of injuries
Torn cartilage

Medical attention
PRICE
Support using strapping
Anti-inflammatory or pain medication
Physiotherapy
Hydrotherapy
Arthroscopy surgery

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Treatment of injuries
Exercise-induced muscle damage

In most cases medical attention not required
Cold therapy
Massage and stretching techniques
Anti-inflammatory or pain medication
Heat and contrast therapy

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Get Revising

Injury prevention and the rehabilitation of injury

Other cards in this set

Card 2

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Card 3

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Card 4

Front

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Card 5

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