ideologies principles

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Liberalism- Mechanistics theory
john locke writings arguing mankind is rational and capable of devising a state reflecting mankind's needs
opposes states organic theory (conservatism)
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Liberalism- social contract
state is established on the grounds that humans sacrifice some freedoms to ensure gov protection maintained by direct and representative democracy
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Liberalism- limited gov
gov has systems of checks and balances to counter act the threat of a tyrannous gov
evident in the us constitution which was inspired by locke
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Liberalism-metriocracy
individuals should succeed on only their merit not any other factors
aiding by equality of opportunity
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Liberalism-formal equality
all individuals have the same amount of freedoms and rights in society
(John Stuart Mills opposed)
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Liberalism- equality of opportunity
all individuals should have equal chances to succeed
addresses all the inequalities caused by the 'cycle of deprivation' preventing societal progression
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Liberalism- individualism
primacy of individual> soveriegn as individuals are rational
state shouldn't harm rights of individual
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Liberalism- egotistical individualism
satisfying ones own desires over societal
therefore want a smaller state with few restrictions
atomism and a disbelief in society (neo-liberals)
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Liberalism- developmental individualism
individuals progressing own beliefs within society
support more state intervention
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Liberalism- harm principle
John Stuart Mill
individual liberty can be restricted if someone's actions poses as a threat to others
ensures freedom of the community
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Liberalism- negative liberty
individual is free from external constraints and interference enabling them to do as they wish
supports a smaller role of the state
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Liberalism- positive liberty
individuals delegated some freedoms from state eg state giving welfare
supports larger state role
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Liberalism- laissez faire
competition between people for their own profit(egotistical individualism)
private ownership
efficient way to distribute resources in society
prices are set by the forces allowing consumers to pay fair price reflecting economic situation of state
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Liberalism- Keynesianism
more government intervention
supported by modern and social liberal
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Conservatism-pragmatism
rejects ideology and dogma- best route to solve a problem is through evidence
used by one-nation
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Conservatism- tradition
past events and tests of history has allowed for the perseverance of traditions hence their success and continuation of use
new-right rejects
burke argued that it is dangerous to reject the issues of the past- criticised french revolution
society should e
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Conservatism- organic change
social change shouldnt be radical
society is more important than the individuals within
gradual change
"change to conserve"
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Conservatism- human imperfection
reflects ideas from the enlightenment about trying to improve human nature
humans are selfish and irrational and incapable of understanding the complexity of gov
psychological
moral
intellectual
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Conservatism- authority
telling people what to do in society in society means it functions better
links to paternalism & hierarchy needing someone in charge to make it successful
social contract
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Conservatism- hierarchy
functions best where there is order and clear who is in charge
everyone is born within a different aspect of society and thus suited to different positions
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Conservatism- paternalism
some members in society should lead each other and those people have an obligation to look aster the people below them
'nobles-oblige'
this is because of human imperfection
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Conservatism- anti-permissiveness
not allowing people to make their own moral decisions
seen in thatchers policies where homosexuality couldn't be mentioned in education
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Conservatism- empiricism
proposes that we can get knowledge from theoretical concepts
views tradition as a source of evidence to back up theories
supports organic society as they have been tested
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Conservatism- atomism
society is made up from individuals who are self-interested and sufficient coming together to form a society
associated with neo-liberalism
egotistical individualism
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Socialism- fraternity
wealth is distributed equally so no need for competition making a brotherhood in society
can't exist under capitalism
seen in the 1984 miner strikes organised by national union of mineworkers
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Socialism- co-operation
working together for the same outcome
class conflict damages this concept
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Socialism- equality
it fromotes fairness in society
benefits everyone in society
capitalism causes inequality
reinforces collectivism and co-operation
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Socialism- common ownership
all property and resources in society are publicly owned and controlled by government- nationalism
reduces inequalities
fundamentalist socialists support
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Socialism- common humanity
humans prefer to naturally co-operate then compete
human nature shaped by forces in society so capitalism infringes the way humans act
humans are motivated by moral incentives and will contribute to society
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Socialism- workers control
full ownership by employees enables air working conditions and distribution of resources
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Socialism- collectivism
people organised in groups seeking same goal aiding the success of society as they have a moral outlook
prioritises group interest over individual encourages social unity
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Socialism- communism
wealth in society should be commonly owned by all
planned economy and public ownership
Marx's views
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Feminism- egalitarian
main aim is to achieve full equality with men
liberal: emphasised goal of equal legal and political rights in public realm
radical: extended demands to full equality in the domestic sphere (sexual equality)
socialist: equal rights have no meaning without
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Feminism- difference
disagree with egalitarianism as women should not aspire to have 'male-like' qualities
they should seek a pro-woman position
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Feminism- intersectionality
post-modern thinking has questioned and criticised the past marginalised feminist thinking
bell hooks
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Feminism- social roles
liberal: women don't need to accept traditional social roles
radical: child's upbringing should be the state's responsibility and not indocrinate them into stereotypes
socialists: gender roles is less important than class as that should be the main focus
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Feminism- patriarchy
narrow- head of household
broad- system of gov is male dominated
liberal: aim is to achieve greater political power for women
radical: patriarchy is present in all aspect of life so it must be completely overthrown
socialist: patriarchy is enforced by cap
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

state is established on the grounds that humans sacrifice some freedoms to ensure gov protection maintained by direct and representative democracy

Back

Liberalism- social contract

Card 3

Front

gov has systems of checks and balances to counter act the threat of a tyrannous gov
evident in the us constitution which was inspired by locke

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

individuals should succeed on only their merit not any other factors
aiding by equality of opportunity

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

all individuals have the same amount of freedoms and rights in society
(John Stuart Mills opposed)

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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