Henry VII - Foreign

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What was Henry's foreign policy aims?
HIs foreign policy was influenced by his need to secure his Crown (i.e. Simnel + Warbeck) and the need for money. In later years, focus was on trade + securing his succession (Arthur's marriage alliance with Spain).
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What was the relationship with Henry and Spain and what treaty was signed?
Henry needed a relationship with Spain to counter rivalry with France, evident with Anglo-Spanish Treaty of Medina del Campo allying nations + preventing either allying with France without consent.
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What was the marriage alliance with Henry and Spain?
In 1501 Ferdinand + Henry finalised marriage alliance for Cath of Argon + Arthur. When Henry's life Elizabeth died in 1503 (+Arthur in 1502), to strengthen dynasty, he considered marriage with Isabella of Castile (she died). Married Henry VIII+Cath.
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What was the relationship with Henry and Brittany?
Henry believed he owed Duke of Brittany a debt after being sheltered by him from the Yorkists for 14 years. French Charles VIII occupied Brittany in 1492 (Breton Crisis), so Henry secretively provided troops (only time he used his army abroad).
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What was the relationship with Henry and Burgundy?
Burgundy was controlled by Flanders (Belgium). Nation was a good trading partner with England, especially the cloth trade with Antwerp (English wool). But Margaret of Burg made relations tense. Ruled by Duke of Burg but overall control law with HRE.
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What was the alliance made between Scotland and France, how did it impact England?
Aud-Alliance, it gave England enemies North and South.
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Explain the relationship between England and Scotland?
Scot=independent with King James III. 1486 H prevented Scot involvement in Yorkist threat by a truce. When James III died, James IV escalated tensions by helping Warbeck, but Truce of Ayton 1497+H betrothal of Margaret to James, improved relations.
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What was Henry's Navigation Act of 1486 aiming to do? And how did another act counter this?
Encouraged English ships (rather than foreign) to carry English goods. But, in 1489 another act limited Englands export of wool, so by 19509 vital wool exports were 30% lower than 1485.
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What was the Intercursus Magnus of 1496 and how did it help the cloth industry?
Allowed English merchants to trade freely with Burgundy (but not Flanders), so by 1509, English were shipping half of all European cloth resulting in 60% more cloth being exported in 1509 competed to 1485.
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What was Henry's aim in trade?
To reduce control of Hanseatic League (German towns on Baltic costs that controlled trade), so introduced several acts to improve English trade.
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Wha did Henrys trade alliance of 1490 with Florence to Venice help do?
Helped Venice and Florence create a strong cloth trade with England.
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What was Henry's implementation and impacts on the military?
Invested in 9 good quality battleships, bigger + better than his predecessors. Also made Portsmouth England's first fortified naval base.
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Who was traditionally England's rival through the Middle Ages?
France.
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What part of France was controlled by England?
Calais.
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Why was Henry concerned with the French expansion?
Due to the France's attack of Italy in 1494.
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Why did relations between France and England worsen?
Problems escalated when Charles III occupied Brittany in 1492, giving them full control of Channel coast, which could endanger England, affect trade, + relate Calais from English control. The Breton Crisis saw H provided troops to Britt = angered F.
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What was the Treaty of Etaples and when was it?
1492, saw France pay 50,000 Crowns per year (5% of Henry's income) and abandon Warbeck's claim if Henry removed troops from Brittany as France keener to invade Italy than deal with England.
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What did the Treaty of Etaples show for England?
Showed Henry as a decisive king, but no military success + France controlled majority of Channel coast.
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Card 2

Front

What was the relationship with Henry and Spain and what treaty was signed?

Back

Henry needed a relationship with Spain to counter rivalry with France, evident with Anglo-Spanish Treaty of Medina del Campo allying nations + preventing either allying with France without consent.

Card 3

Front

What was the marriage alliance with Henry and Spain?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the relationship with Henry and Brittany?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was the relationship with Henry and Burgundy?

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Preview of the front of card 5
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