Plates are being pulled apart and is oceanic plate on both sides
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What does constructive plates form?
Shield volcanoes and a rift valley if on land
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Describe a destructive plate
Plates being pushed together
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Describe a conservative plate
Slide past each other so causes a earthquake
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Describe magma plumes
areas of hot, upwelling mantle
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What is Rhyolitic?
Is viscous and traps gas in the vent of the volcano
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What is Andesitic?
Has intermediate viscosity and eruptions can be destructive
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What is Basaltic?
Is fluidly because of its low viscosity
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What is a pyroclast?
When volcanic bombs are ejected during explosions
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When do lateral eruptions happen?
When the summit crater is blocked
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Where do destructive plates occur?
At depth and can be powerful
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Where do constructive plates occur?
Shallower and are powerful causing much damage
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Where do conservative plates occur?
Shallow focused and powerful and damage many
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What are the 3 scales used to measure earthquakes?
Richter scale, the Moment Magnitude scale and the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale
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Describe P waves (primary waves)
Fast, travel through liquid
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Describe S waves (secondary waves)
Travel out from the epicentre, represent serve hazard to people
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Describe soil liquefaction
Seismic waves traveling through soft sediments acting as a liquid because of increased pore water pressure
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What is a result of soil liquefaction?
Buildings become unsupported and so they sink or fall over
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What do you need for a tropical storm to form?
Air pressure, Coriolis force and latent heat
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Describe Coriolis force
Causes water or air to curve when travelling across earth's surface
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Describe latent heat
Energy created by water condensing
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How is a tropical storm formed?
Wind moves to low pressure which is surround by high pressure, it evaporates at the centre then condenses causing thunderstorm. Latent heat is released and so creates a tropical storm
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What Latitude do tropical storms form at?
5-30 degrees north and south of the equator
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What is used to rank a tropical storms wind strength?
Saffir-Simpson hurricane wind scale
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What is a tropical storms 'general season'?
Mid to late summer and autumn
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What is a wildfire?
A uncontrolled rural fire
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What are the 3 conditions needed for a wildfire to start and take hold?
Fuel, air and combustible heat
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What are the 3 levels at which wildfires operate?
Canopy fires, surface layer fires and ground fires
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Describe a canopy fire
Extend through dense vegetation at the top of trees
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Describe surface layer fires
Is often grass, bushes or small trees
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Describe ground fires
Go through dried-out material in soils
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What is a fire-break?
Vegetation is removed where the fire is which therefore removes the fuel element
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What is a common short-term response to wildfires?
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