Geography paper 1 flashcards

What are the different types of waves?

-strong swash, weak backwash -weak swash, strong backwash

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what are the three different types of weathering?

-chemical (weak acids break up the rock) -biological(animals and plants burrow under the rock) -freeze-thaw(water freezes within the cracks of the rock)

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what are the four different types of erosion?

-hydraulic action(force of water) -corrosion(chemicals in sea water dissolve the rock) -attrition(materials collide within the waves and break down) -abrasion(waves throw particles against the cliff)

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what are the two types of mass movement?

-soil creep (slow,soil moves down the cliff) -slumping(large area of land moves down the cliff and weakens the rock)

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describe the three stages of a headland and bay

step 1- the coastline is made up of different types of rock. step 2-the soft rock is eroded a lot faster than the hard rock meaning the hard rock sticks out further to sea. step 3-where the softer rock has been eroded a bay is formed and the hard roc

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what are the factors affecting coastal recession?

-fetch(wind speed) -coastal management(protection along the shoreline) -rock type(softer rock erodes more)

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name the effects on people and the environment fro the coastal recession at Happisburgh

-loss of 25 homes since 1995 -lifeboat launching station washed away -natural habitats for animals destroyed -land permanently lost at sea

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what are the advantages and disadvantages for hard engineering?

Adv.-effective-long lasting-absorbs wave power Dis.-expensive-unattractive-may effect the environment

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what are the advantages and disadvantages for soft engineering?

Adv.cheaper-looks natural-little impact on environment Dis.-shot term option-often requires maintenance

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name three different ways of hard engineering.

-sea wall(wall of concrete) -groynes(wooden walls to prevent longshore drift) -rip rap(large rocks)

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name three different ways of soft engineering.

-beach replenishment(sand and pebbles) -managed retreat(allowing the sea to erode land) -cliff regrading(cliff is cut back and sloped)

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what are different ways coastal management use prediction and planning to prevent the effects of flooding

pred.-the env agency gives out flood warnings-the met office monitors sea levels plan.-flood education-buildit design

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how do Walton on the Naze use coastal management to prevent flooding?

ongoing-managed retreat 1977-sea wall and groins 1998-rip rap 1999-beach replenishment

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Geography paper 1 flashcards

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