Cellular Control 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyDNA, genetics and evolutionA2/A-levelOCR Created by: TaehganCreated on: 16-02-18 10:15 What is a mutation? A mutation is a random change to genetic material. Some mutations involve changes to the structure or number of chromosomes. 1 of 19 What is a gene mutation? A gene mutation is a change to the DNA. 2 of 19 What are the 2 types of gene mutation? Point mutation and Insertion or Deletion mutation. 3 of 19 What is a Point mutation? One base pair replaces (is substituted for) another. 4 of 19 What are the 3 types of Point mutation? Silent, Missense and Nonsense. 5 of 19 What is a Silent mutation? A point mutation involving a change to the base triplet, where that triplet still codes for the same amino acid. 6 of 19 What is a Missense mutation? A change to the base triplet sequence that leads to a change in the amino acid sequence in a protein. 7 of 19 What is a Nonsense mutation? A point mutation that alters a base triplet so that it becomes a termination (stop) triplet. 8 of 19 What is an Insertion mutation? One or more nucleotides are inserted into a length of DNA. This may cause a frameshift. 9 of 19 What is a Deletion mutation? One or more nucleotides are deleted from a length of DNA. This may cause a frameshift. 10 of 19 What is an Expanding Triple Nucleotide Repeat? A sequence of three nucleotides that is repeated too many times in a section of a gene. 11 of 19 Give an example of an Expanding Triple Nucleotide and the disease it causes. -CAG- Causes Huntington disease when the CAG sequence exceed a certain critical number. 12 of 19 Give an example of a mutation that isn't harmful. The mutation that gave rise to blue eyes (enabled people to see better in less bright light) 2) 13 of 19 Give 2 example of neutral mutations. 1) Inability to smell certain flowers 2) Differently shaped ear lobes 14 of 19 What is an Exon? The coding, or expressed, region of a gene. 15 of 19 What is an Intron? The non-coding region of a gene. 16 of 19 What is an operon? A group of genes that function as a single transcription unit. 17 of 19 What is a Transcription factor? Protein or short non-coding RNA that can combine with a specific site on a length of DNA and inhibit or activate transcription of a gene. 18 of 19 What 2 enzymes does the presence of lactose induce the production if? 1) Lactose permease; which allows lactose to enter the bacterial cell 2) B- Galactosidase; which hydrolyses lactose to glucose and galactose 19 of 19
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