Environmental problem 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyInternational PsychologyUniversityNone Created by: The ShrewCreated on: 10-05-16 15:26 Psychoanalytical approach- 3 basic Freudian principles Unconscious motivations, conflict is universal, humans unconsciously use defence mechanisms 1 of 34 Eros Sexual and physical desire 2 of 34 Thanatos Death instinct- need to self destruct 3 of 34 Id/ Ego/ Superego Pleasure seeking principle/ Reality principle/ Morality principle 4 of 34 9 defence mechanisms- Rationalism Creating attractive but untrue explanation 5 of 34 Intellectualisation Distancing self from problem by describing it in intellectual terms 6 of 34 Displacement Displacing feelings onto less threatening target 7 of 34 Suppression Try and think about something else 8 of 34 Repression Unconsciously think about something else 9 of 34 Denial Self explanatory 10 of 34 Reaction formation Denial plus reacting against it aggressively 11 of 34 Projection Seeing things in others you dont see in yourself 12 of 34 Sublimation Channelling anxiety into environmental problems 13 of 34 Objects relation theories Self developed through primary attachment- influences other relationships and influences relationship with mother earth 14 of 34 5 stages Experience own anxiety, express these feelings, recognise defences and reactions, recognise unconscious needs, choosing pro-environmental behaviours 15 of 34 Behavioural approach Positive and Negative reinforcement/ Positive and Negative Punishment 16 of 34 Contingency trap Only think about short term instead of long term 17 of 34 Rewarding pro-environmental behaviour Doesn't work once rewards are removed 18 of 34 Larson et al Feedback can work as reward- no. of aluminium cans recycled increased by 65% 19 of 34 SLT- Men's showers told to turn of water while applying soap- 6% did this/ 1 confederate demonstrating= 47%/ 2 confederates demonstrating= 67% 20 of 34 Videos of people turning heating down 28% reduction in energy use 21 of 34 Cognitive approach Brain= computer- Behaviour is function of quality of info that goes in- organise info using Heuristics/ short-cuts/ biases 22 of 34 Visual Dependency Heuristic Sight= more of brains functioning than other senses 23 of 34 Availability Heuristic Believe everything we see on the media 24 of 34 False consensus bias People believe their beliefs are the same as others 25 of 34 Benoit and Norton Water ban- students ignored it and thought other students were ignoring it 26 of 34 'Green Washing' Companies appearing more green than they are 27 of 34 Social Approach Social norms- Descriptive norms (what you think others are doing)/ Injunctive norms (what you think you ought to be doing) 28 of 34 Cialdini et al Flyers on windscreen of littered or unlittered car park- more likely to litter in littered carpark= descriptive norm 29 of 34 Social diffusion Adapting social norms 30 of 34 Subjective norms- social/ personal Social= How you behave and how you ought to behave/ Personal= How you behave and how you feel obliged to behave 31 of 34 PBC constraints Things that make it difficult to achieve behaviour/ things that make it difficult to make an impact 32 of 34 Krussen et al Recycling- biggest effect on intention= past behaviour + PBC 33 of 34 Cognitive Dissonance Theory Gap between attitudes and behaviours is uncomfortable 34 of 34
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