energy balance and obesity

What does the body need energy for?

Fuels bodys internal functions/ Repairs/ Builds & maintains cells & body tissue/ Supports external functions

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What are good sources of energy?

Bread/ Cereal foods/ Meats/ Fats/ Dairy produce/ Sugar

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What are the uses energy in the body?

~ Basal metabolism (BMR-minimal amount of energy needed to keep the body functioning & alive while resting)

~ Physical energy (exercise/ work/ play)

~ Mental energy (reading/ studying/ daydreaming)

~ Growth, Pregnancy and Lactation

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Estimated average requirement calculation

Energy EAR = BMR x Physical activity level

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Different age categories and whether its guided to increase or decrease their energy requirements

1-3 years ~ Energy requirements increase
4-6 years ~ Continue to increase
7-18 years ~ Marked increase (support puberty changes/ rapid growth spurt)
19-50 years ~ Energy requirements lower
50+ years ~ Requirements decrease

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What energy balance?

Energy balance is when your energy intake (food)
matches your energy expended (physical activity)

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What is a positive energy balance?

A positive energy balance is when your energy input exceeds your energy output
~ Could lead to weight gain

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What is a negative energy balance?

A negative energy balance is when your energy output exceeds your energy input
~ Could lead to weight loss

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Why would a person be obese?

~ Through a positive energy balance

~ Energy not used, converted & stored in body as fat

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What are the causes of obesity?

~ Consuming more energy than needed
~ Abundance of cheap/ energy dense foods
~ Too much saturated fat & sugar
~ Occupation & leisure times more sedentary

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Reasons why an individual might be obese

~ Food & Drink intake
~ Activity & Exercise
~ Sleep deprivation
~ Sugar
~ Changes in eating behaviour
~ Finances
~ Psychological factors
~ ICT

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Barriers to a healthy weight

~ Not enough time to cook
~ A lack of money
~ Wide availability of energy dense foods
~ Limited motivation
~ Lack of nutritional education
~ A lack of facilities

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Health risks associated with obesity

~ Heart disease ~ Stroke
~ Type 2 diabetes ~ Cancers
~ Hypertension ~ Osteoarthritis
~ Sleep apnoea ~ Gall bladder disease
~ Breathing problems ~ Liver dysfunctions
~ Mental health issues ~ Complication in pregnancy

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Get Revising

energy balance and obesity

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