Chemistry Unit 1a

                             GCSE Chemistry Unit 1a

Topics Covered:

  • Atoms & Elements
  • The Periodic Table
  • Electron Shells
  • Compounds
  • Using Limestone
  • Getting Metals From Rocks

    A set of 50 Questions and Answers based on the above six topics.

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  • Created by: Pav4321
  • Created on: 01-11-14 17:45
What is an Atom?
An Atom is the smallest unit of matter that holds the characteristics of that element.
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Describe the parts of an Atom and their location in the Atom.
In the nucleus of the Atom, there are Protons (Positive charge and a mass of one) & Neutrons (No charge and a mass of one). Surrounding the Nucleus of the Atom are Electrons (Negative charge and a negligible mass of 1/1800) spread out in Quantums.
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What is the nucleus of an Atom?
The nucleus is where the mass is concentrated in an atom.
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If some Electrons are added or taken away, what happens to the Atom?
The Atom becomes charged and is then an ion.
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True or False, Atoms have a fixed number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons
False. Atoms can have different numbers of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons.
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What is an Element?
An element is a substance consisting of atoms which all have the same number of protons.
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What are the vertical columns in The Periodic Table called and what is special about them?
The vertical columns are called Groups. These are special because they all have similar characteristics and the same number of electrons in their outer most shell.
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What is formed when Group 1 Elements react with water?
They're all metals and they all react the same way. They all react to form an alkaline solution and a hydrogen gas.
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Name the first 20 Elements.
Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon, Sodium, Magnesium, Aluminium, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Chlorine, Argon, Potassium, Calcium.
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What are the names given to the Group 1, Group 2, Group 7 and Group 8 Elements?
Group 1: Alkali Metals. Group 2: Alkaline Earth metals. Group 7: Halogens. Group 8: Noble Gasses.
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How many Electrons are in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th shells?
There are 2 in the 1st shell, 8 in the 2nd and 3rd, and 18 in the 4th shell.
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What makes an Atom reactive?
When Atoms don't have a full outer shell, it makes them want to react in order to get a full outer shell.
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If Aluminium has 13 Electrons, what is it's Electronic configuration?
The electronic configuration of Aluminium is 2.8.3
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What is a Compound?
A compound is a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together.
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True or False, Only Electrons are involved in chemical bonding.
True. Making Bonds involves atoms giving away, taking or sharing electrons.
15 of 50
Name two types of chemical bonds common in compounds.
Two types of chemical bonds common in compounds are covalent bonds and ionic bonds.
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Explain what happens in Ionic Bonding.
The Compound is formed from a metal and non-metal consisting of ions. The metal loses Electrons to form a Positive ion (A Cation), and the non-metal gains Electrons to form a Negative ion (An Anion). These ions are strongly attracted to each other.
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Explain what happens in Covalent Bonding.
The Compound is formed from non-metals consisting of molecules. Each atom makes enough Covalent bonds to fill their outer shell.
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True or False, The properties of a Compound are the same as the properties of the original Elements.
False. The properties of a compound are totally different from the properties of the original elements.
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What is the main constituent of Limestone?
Limestone is mainly Calcium Carbonate, CaCO3.
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What is formed when Calcium Carbonate is Thermally Decomposed?
When Thermally Decomposed, Calcium Carbonate forms Calcium Oxide and Carbon Dioxide.
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Why might you have trouble Thermally Decomposing Group 1 metals in class?
A Bunsen Burner isn't hot enough to Thermally Decompose some Group 1 metals.
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What is formed when Calcium Carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid and what does this reaction show?
When reacting with hydrochloric acid, Calcium Carbonate forms a Chloride Salt, Carbon dioxide and Water. This reaction shows that Limestone reacts with Acid Rain.
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What does Calcium Oxide form when reacting with Water?
Calcium Oxide reacts with water to produce Calcium Hydroxide.
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Is Calcium Hydroxide an Acid or an Alkali?
It is an Alkali.
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Name one use of Calcium Hydroxide.
Calcium Hydroxide is used to neutralise acidic soils in fields. Powdered Limestone can also be used, but an advantage is that Calcium Hydroxide works much faster.
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Describe the test for Carbon Dioxide.
If you make a solution of Calcium Hydroxide in water (called Limewater) and bubble gas through it, the solution will turn cloudy if there's Carbon Dioxide in the gas. The cloudiness is caused due to the formation of Calcium Carbonate.
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How is Cement made?
Powdered Limestone and Powdered Clay are heated in a kiln to make Cement.
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When Cement is mixed with sand and water, what is made?
Mortar. You can also add Calcium Hydroxide to Mortar.
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How is Concrete made?
When you mix Cement with Sand and Aggregate (Water and Gravel), you get Concrete.
30 of 50
Name five environmental problems caused by quarrying Limestone.
It makes ugly holes which permanently damage the landscape. Using explosives for quarrying causes noise pollution. It destroys the natural habitat of plants and animals. Transporting it causes noise pollution. Waste materials cause unsightly tips.
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Name problems caused by making stuff from Limestone.
Cement factories make a lot of dust which can cause breathing problems for people. energy is needed to make quicklime, this energy is most likely taken from burning fossil fuels which cause pollution.
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Once quarrying is complete, landscaping and restoration of the area is normally required as part of the planning permission. Name four other advantages of quarrying Limestone.
It provides things that people want, like houses and roads. It's used to neutralise acidic soils and lakes. It's used to neutralise sulphur dioxide in power station chimneys. The quarry provides jobs for people and brings money to the local economy.
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Name the Advantages of the Products of Limestone.
Its widely available, cheap and easy to cut. Some Limestone is hard wearing than marble and looks attractive. Concrete can be poured into moulds and shaped. Limestone and Concrete don't rot. Concrete doesn't corrode like other metals.
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Name some Disadvantages of the Products of Limestone.
It has a fairly low tensile strength and can easily crack. Concrete isn't a very visually appealing building material.
35 of 50
True or False, all metals are found in the Earth as the metal itself and not as compounds.
False. A few un reactive metals like gold are found in the Earth as the metal itself, but most are found as compounds.
36 of 50
What is an Ore?
A Metal Ore is a rock which contains enough metal to make it economically viable to extract it.
37 of 50
Give an example of how the economics of metal extraction can change over time.
If the market price for a specific metal drops, it might not be worth extracting it. However, if the market price increases a lot then it might be worth extracting more of it.
38 of 50
Name two ways in which metals can be extracted from its Ore chemically.
Metals can be extracted from their Ores chemically through Reduction or Electrolysis.
39 of 50
Other than to extract a metal from it's Ore, Name another use of Electrolysis.
Electrolysis can also be used to purify extracted metals.
40 of 50
Explain the process of Reduction.
Metals less reactive than Carbon in the reactivity series can be extracted by Reduction with Carbon. The process involves removing the Oxygen from an Ore: 2Fe2O3 + 3C = 4Fe + 3CO2
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Why can Reduction only be used for metals lower than Carbon in the reactivity series?
This is because Carbon can only take the Oxygen away from metals which are less reactive than Carbon itself.
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What is Electrolysis?
Electrolysis is the breaking down of (molten) compounds using electricity.
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Explain the process of Electrolysis.
There is a liquid to conduct the electricity called an electrolyte. There are two electrodes put into the electrolyte, a cathode(-) and an anode(+). Electrons are taken away from the anode and given away from the cathode. Ions become atoms.
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Why is the Electrolyte so crucial in Electrolysis?
For Electrolysis to occur, electricity should be conducted. For this, the Electrolyte is important as it has free flowing ions that can carry the current.
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What is Smelting?
Smelting is the name given to the process where an Ore is heated in a furnace to extract the metal.
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True or False, you can extract Copper from a solution using a Displacement Reaction.
True. Copper can be extracted using a Displacement Reaction.
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Explain how a Displacement Reaction works.
If you put a reactive metal into a solution of a dissolved metal compound, the reactive metal will replace the less reactive metal in a compound.This is because the more reactive metal bonds more strongly to the non-metal compound.
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Name two new methods of extracting Copper.
Bioleaching: where Bacteria is used to separate the copper from copper sulphide. Phytomining: Which involves growing plants in soil that contains Copper, burring the plants and collecting the Copper from the plant's ashes.
49 of 50
What is the disadvantage of using new methods such as Bioleaching over more traditional methods such as Electrolysis.
The disadvantage is that these newer methods are more time consuming and slower in producing a result.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Describe the parts of an Atom and their location in the Atom.

Back

In the nucleus of the Atom, there are Protons (Positive charge and a mass of one) & Neutrons (No charge and a mass of one). Surrounding the Nucleus of the Atom are Electrons (Negative charge and a negligible mass of 1/1800) spread out in Quantums.

Card 3

Front

What is the nucleus of an Atom?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

If some Electrons are added or taken away, what happens to the Atom?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

True or False, Atoms have a fixed number of Protons, Neutrons and Electrons

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

dangosenpai

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Well made , and covers everything in detail 

Donut180101

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Very good

clearlysurfing

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Great quiz..thanks..you should make more :) 

drive mad

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