How are instantaneous dipole - induced dipole formed?
There is electron movement in the molecules which create an uneven distribution of charge leading to a temporary instantaneous dipole. This instantaneous dipole in one molecule induces a dipole in a neighbouring molecule.
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Why chlorine ions are more readily reduced than iodine atoms?
Cl atom is smaller has fewer (occupied) electron shells so outer electron shell closer to nucleusSo extra electron added or gained is more strongly attracted by the nucleus
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Primary Alcohol
The C to which the OH is attached is joined to one other C
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Heating under reflux- reagents used?
Potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid
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Example of human activity that gives rise of oxides of nitrogen
Burning fuels in vehicle engines/ putting fertiliser onto soil
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Radical has
Unpaired electron
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Rate of reaction - temperrature conditions
Rate is greater when temperature is higher, at higer temperatures particles have more energy so there are more particle collisions per unit of time. More collisions have total energy of atleast the acitvation energy.
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Homogeneous Catalyst?
Catalyst which is in the same physical state/phase as reactants
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Why is a reactions faster in the presence of a catalyst?
Catalyst provides an alternative route with with lower activation energy.
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How the presence of ozone in the stratosphere benefits us?
The ozone stops UV of high frequency which could otherwise cause skin cancer
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Disadvantage of build up of tropospheric ozone?
Causes photochemical smog, breathing problems and lung damage.
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How you would carry out heating under reflux in the lab?
Boil a liquid in a container attached to a vertical condenser.
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Why heating under reflux is used in (this reaction) ?
It increases the rate of reaction, allows boiling for a long time, stops loss of reactants and stop liquids catching fire.
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How to seperate *named* layer from an aqueous layer?
Put into seperating funnel and run off one of the layers
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Suitable drying agent for 1- bromobutane
Anhydrous sodium sulfate
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What is meant by ultraviolet dissociation and how it occurs
UV radiation of high energy causes bonds in the molecule to break and homolytic fission occurs
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How carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs infared radiation
The bonds absorb/take in the IR and therefore vibrate more
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Secondary alcohol
Hydroxy(l) group is bonded is itself bonded to 2 other C
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Thermoplastic?
Softens/ deforms when heated.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is Reduction?
Back
Is the gain of electrons
Card 3
Front
How are instantaneous dipole - induced dipole formed?
Back
Card 4
Front
Why chlorine ions are more readily reduced than iodine atoms?
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