Chemistry

sda

?
  • Created by: maiwand
  • Created on: 11-04-13 19:40
General formula
is the simplest algebraic formula to represent any member of a homologous series
1 of 21
structural formula
gives minimal detail to show how the atoms are arranged in a molecule
2 of 21
displayed formula
gives the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
3 of 21
skeletal formula
is the simplest organic formula with carbon atoms shown a skeleton and all the hydrogen atoms of the alkyl chains removed except for those of functional groups
4 of 21
homologous series
is a series of organic compounds with the same functional group but each successive member differing by ch2
5 of 21
functional group
is the part of the organic molecule responsible for its chemical reaction
6 of 21
structural isomers
are molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural arrangements of atoms
7 of 21
sterioisomers
are compounds with the same structural formula, but with a different arrangement of atoms in space
8 of 21
E/Z isomerism
is a type of stereoisomerism > a molecule must satify two critera to have E/Z isomerism ....1>a carbon-carbon double bond must be present ...2> each carbon in the double bond must be attached to two different groups
9 of 21
cis-trans isomerism
is a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups are the same...>cis>Z is isomer .....>trans>is the E isomer
10 of 21
crude oil
is a source of hydrocarbons, seperated as fractions with different boiling points by fractional distilation, which can be used as fuels or for processing into petrochemicals
11 of 21
fractional distilation
is the seperation of the components in a liquid mixture into fractions which differ in boiling point by means of distillation, typically using a fractionating coloumn
12 of 21
Effect of chain length
as the chain length increases, the boiling point increases because the inter molecula forces between the molecules get stronger. in a longer-chained alkane, there are more points of contact betwen the molecules leading to more vanderwals forces betwe
13 of 21
effect of branching
a branched isomer has a lower boiling point than the unbranched isomer. in a branched alkane, there are fewer points of contract between molecules,leading to more vanderwaal forces between the molecules.also branched cant get close decrese interforce
14 of 21
cracking
is used to break down long-chained saturated hydrocarbons to form a mixture of shorter-chained alkanes and alkenes. A catalyst is used to speed up the reaction\/\/\/\/\/\--C12H26-dodecane>>\/\/\/\/\C10H22-decane+\\C2H4-ethene
15 of 21
uses of crude oil
> liquid petroleum gas (LPG)-heating. camping gas,making chemicals and barbecues >kerosene-fuel for planes >residual fuel oil-Powing factories, fueling large and electricity >bitumen-to make roads
16 of 21
atomospheric pollutants
Co-a toxic gas formed by incomplete combusions in the internal combustion engine >co2- a major contributor to global warming via the greenhouse effect > No2-contributors to acid rain and destructions of forest >S02-a contributor to acid rain
17 of 21
physical properties
physical properties of alcohols are influenced by their ability to form hydrogen bonds between the O-H groups of neighbouring molecules
18 of 21
voltility
is the case that a liquid turns into gas. volility increases as boiling pooint decreases > as the chain length increases the number of hydrogen bonds decrease there the boiling point increases which results in the votility decreaseing
19 of 21
esterfication
is the reaction of an alcohol with a carboxylic acid to produce an ester and water
20 of 21
dehydration
is an elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecules to make an unsaturated molecules. acid catalyst=h2so4
21 of 21

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

structural formula

Back

gives minimal detail to show how the atoms are arranged in a molecule

Card 3

Front

displayed formula

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

skeletal formula

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

homologous series

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Chemistry resources:

See all Chemistry resources »