Chemistry Definitions: Module 1
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- Created by: ABusby1
- Created on: 11-01-16 11:34
Isotope
Atoms of same element with different numbers of neutrons
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Atomic (proton) number
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Mass (nucleon) number
Number of particles (protons + neutrons) in the nucleus
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Ion
Positively or negatively charge atom or (covalently bonded) group of atoms (a molecular ion)
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Relative Isotopic mass
Mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
Weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)
Weighted mean mass of an atom of a molecule compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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Relative Formula Mass
Weighted mean mass of a formula unit compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
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Avogadro Constant
The number of atoms per mole (6.02 X 1023 mol-1)
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Mole
The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the carbon-12 isotope.
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Molar Mass (Mr)
The mass per mole of a substance. (g mol-1)
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Empirical Formula
The simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.
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Molecule
A small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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Molecular Formula
The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule.
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Molar volume
Volume per mole of a gas (dm3mol-1) At RT&P Molar Volume =24 dm3mol-1
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Concentration
The amount of solute (mol) dissolved in 1dm3 of solution
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Standard Solution
A solution of a known concentration
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Species
Any type of particle that takes place in a chemical reaction.
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Stoichiometry
The molar relationship between relative quantities of substance taking part in a reaction.
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Acid
A species that is a proton donor.
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Base
A species that is a proton acceptor.
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Alkali
A base that dissolves in water to form hydroxide ions.
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Salt
Any chemical compound formed from an acid when H+ is replaced by a metal or other positive ion.
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Cation
A positively charged ion
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Anion
A negatively charged ion
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Hydrated
Crystalline compound containing water molecules.
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Anhydrous
A substance that contains no water molecules.
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Water of Crystallisation
Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound.
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Oxidation Number
A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element.
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Oxidation
Loss of electrons OR increase in oxidation number
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Reduction
Gain of electrons OR decrease in oxidation number
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Redox
A reaction in which both reduction and oxidation take place.
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Reducing Agent
A reagent that reduces (adds electrons to) another species.
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Oxidising agent
A reagent that oxidises (takes electrons from) another species.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Back
Atomic (proton) number
Card 3
Front
Number of particles (protons + neutrons) in the nucleus
Back
Card 4
Front
Positively or negatively charge atom or (covalently bonded) group of atoms (a molecular ion)
Back
Card 5
Front
Mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12.
Back
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