Chemistry Definitions

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Relative Isotopic Mass
Mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12
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Relative Atomic Mass
Weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12
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The Avogadro Constant
The number of particles per mole, 6.02 × 10^23 mol–1)
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Empirical Formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound
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Molecular Formula
The number and type of atoms of each element in a molecule
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The Ideal Gas Equation
pV = nRT
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Atomic Orbitals
A region around the nucleus that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins
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Ionic Bonding
Electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
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Giant Ionic Lattice
Oppositely charged ions with strong electrostatic attraction in all directions
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Covalent bond
The strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nuclei of the bonded atoms
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Electronegativity
The ability of an atom to attract the bonding electrons in a covalent bond
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First Ionisation Energy
\The energy required for the removal of 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms to form 1 mol of gaseous 1+ ions.
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Metallic Bonding
Strong electrostatic attraction between cations (positive ions) and delocalised electrons
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Giant Covalent Lattice
Network of atoms bonded by strong covalent bonds
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Disproportionation
Oxidation and reduction of the same element
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Enthalpy Change Of Formation
Formation of 1 mol of a compound from its constituent elements
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Enthalpy Change Of Combustion
Complete combustion of 1 mol of a substance,
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Enthalpy Change Of Neutralisation
Formation of 1 mol of water from neutralisation
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Average Bond Enthalpy
The breaking of 1mol of gaseous bonds
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General Formula
The simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series
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Structural Formula
The minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule
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Displayed Formula
The relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them
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Skeletal Formula
The simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups
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Homologous Series
A series of organic compounds having the same functional group but with each successive member differing by CH2
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Functional Group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a compound
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Aliphatic
A compound containing carbon and hydrogen joined together in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings
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Alicyclic
An aliphatic compound arranged in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
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Aromatic
A compound containing a benzene ring
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Saturated
Single carbon–carbon bonds only
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Unsaturated
The presence of multiple carbon–carbon bonds, including C=C, C C / and aromatic rings
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Structural Isomers
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae
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Stereoisomers
Same structural formula, different arrangement of atoms in space
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Homolytic Fission
Each bonding atom receiving one electron from the bonded pair, forming two radicals
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Heterolytic Fission
One bonding atom receiving both electrons from the bonded pair
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Radical
Species with an unpaired electron
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E/Z Isomerism
Restricted rotation about a double bond and the requirement for two different groups to be attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group
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Cis–Trans Isomerism
Two of the substituent groups attached to each carbon atom of the C=C group are the same
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Brønsted–Lowry acid
a species that donates a proton
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Brønsted–Lowry base
a species that accepts a proton
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buffer solution
a system that minimises pH changes on addition of small amounts of an acid or a base
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Lattice Enthalpy
formation of 1 mol of ionic lattice from gaseous ions
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enthalpy change of solution
dissolving of 1 mol of solute
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enthalpy change of hydration
dissolving of 1 mol of gaseous ions in water
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Entropy
A measure of the dispersal of energy in a system which is greater, the more disordered a system
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oxidising agent
Gains electrons and is reduced
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reducing agent
Loses electrons and is oxidised
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Relative Atomic Mass

Back

Weighted mean mass compared with 1/12th mass of carbon-12

Card 3

Front

The Avogadro Constant

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Empirical Formula

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Molecular Formula

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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