chemistry
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- Created by: 16chlhan
- Created on: 28-09-20 22:43
what are the three states of matter ?
solid, liquid and gas
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how are the particles represented ?
small spheres
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which states contain particles in a random arrangement ?
liquid and gas
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why do substances have different melting points ?
it depends on how strong the bonds are between the particles
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what does a solid turn to at its melting point ?
a liquid
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what does a liquid turn to at its boiling point ?
a gas
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how can you tell that H2O has a covalent bond ?
A covalent bond is between two non- metals
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how do we represent the bonding in a diagram?
we use dot and cross
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how are ionic compounds formed ?
when metals react with non- metals].
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what is ionic bonding ?
ionic compounds held together by strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions
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why do ionic solids have high melting points?
it takes a lot of energy the break the many bonds.
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why can ionic substances conduct electricity when molten or when dissolved in water ?
the ions are free to move meaning they can conduct electricity
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how are covalent bonds formed ?
when atoms of non- metals share pairs of electrons with others
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how do roup 7 form a singe covalent bond ?
they gain an electron
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what can many substanes containing covalent bonds also consist of ?
simple molecules but some have giant covalent structures
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what charge do simple molecules have ?
No overall charge meaning they can't carry electrical charge and cannot conduct electicity
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what are the limitations of the dot and cross diagrams ?
they don't show the actual shape of the molecule.
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what do dot and cross diagrams actually show ?
all they show is the electrons from different atoms differently 1
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what are intermolecular forces ?
the forces of attraction between molecules
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which forces are broken when a small molecule melts?
the weaker intermolecular forces
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what are polymers?
repeating chains of molecules covalently bonded together
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what state of matter are polymers at room temperature ?
solid
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why does sucrose not conduct electricity?
the molecules are strong covalent bonds
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give an example of a giant covalent structure ?
diamond
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what do the carbon atoms in diamond have and what does it do?
they have rigid covalent structures which makes it a very hard substance
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why does diamon have a very high melting point ?
because of carbons rigid covalent structure
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give a similarity between diamond and graphite?
they both have a giant covalent structure
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give difference between graphite and diamond?
graphite can conduct electricity and heat
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what is a fullerene?
molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes
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what the structure of a fullerene?
it is based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms
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what are the uses of fullerenes?
transporting drugs to specific parts of the body and also as catalysts
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what is graphene?
a single layer of graphite and just one atom thick
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give one similarity between graphite and graphene?
theyre both bonded by carbon
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give a difference between graphite and graphene
the structure of the two are slightly different
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how are the atoms arranged in metals?
they're tightly packed together and in regular layers
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what forces hold metal atoms in place in their giant structures?
the ions surrounded by sea of delocalised electrons
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what are alloys ?
a mixture of metals r metals with other elements
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give an example of an alloy?
steel
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why are alloys often more used than pure metals ?
they are harder because the different sized atoms distort the regular pattern of the atoms in the layers making it more difficult for the layers to slide over each other
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why are metals good conductors of electricity ?
the electrical and thermal charge is quicklly transferred through the giant metallic structure by the free moving delocalised electrons
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what is nanoscience?
it's the study of small particles that are between 1 and 100 nanometres in size
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what is a nanoparticle?
small particles that are between 1 and 100 nanometres in size
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a nanoparticle is 0.000000005 m in size. write that in standard form?
5 x 10-9
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what are the risks of nanotechnology?
nanoparticles could enter the environment which can also affect aquatic life by accumulating organisms over time. breathing in the particle can damage our lungs
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give two uses of nanotechnology?
large surface area of nanoparticles makes them very effective as catalysts
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
how are the particles represented ?
Back
small spheres
Card 3
Front
which states contain particles in a random arrangement ?
Back
Card 4
Front
why do substances have different melting points ?
Back
Card 5
Front
what does a solid turn to at its melting point ?
Back
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