Unwritten rules comprising beliefs, attitudes and behaviours that are deemed appropriate for the majority within a specific community.
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Social reference group
A collection of individuals used as a standard for comparison.
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Gender stereotyping
Unfavourable perceptions of how a person should act based on their gender.
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Prejudice
Preconceived attitudes towards a particular person or group based on their characteristics.
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Discrimination
Behaving in a certain way, or treating somebody in an unhelpful way due to their individual difference (e.g. gender, race, age etc)
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Availability heuristic
A mental shortcut which allows us to make a quick decision or judgement based on information available to us.
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Schizophrenia
A long term mental disorder characterised by unusual but enduring beliefs, a distorted reality, and disorganised thoughts, behaviour and speech.
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Biopsychosocial model
A framework initially proposed to explain mental health through biological, psychological and social factors.
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Aggression
A range of behaviours looking to cause physical or psychological harm to oneself, others or animals.
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Genetics
The study of inherited characteristics and their variations.
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Heritability
The ways in which certain characteristics are passed from a parent to their offspring.
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Schema
A mental representation of people, events and situations based on past experience.
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Hostile attribution bias
The biased process of interpreting hostility when there is none.
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Strain theory
A theory proposed by Robert Agnew that looks at how stressors or strain in life may make an individual vulnerable to engaging in crime.
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Fitness to plead
Ability of a defendant to understand the court process, give evidence, and instruct their legal representative. Thought to be absent in the presence of severe mental health disorders.
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Insanity defence
A legal defence afforded to a defendant if they are found to have been mentally unwell at the time of their offence. The criminal act must have been committed involuntarily.
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Expert witness
Professionals instructed by the court to advise on matters within their expertise.
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Actus reus
A Latin term used in criminal law to refer to the act or conduct that is criminal.
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Mens rea
A Latin term used in criminal law to refer to the intention of the person committing the criminal act.
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Diminished responsibility
The reduction of murder to manslaughter due to a person being deemed to lack a rational mind at the time of the offence.
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Personality disorder
An extreme form of personality that impacts a person's daily functioning. Personality disorder is characterised by enduring patterns of thoughts and behaviours that are rigid and often unhelpful.
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Social learning theory
A psychological theory proposed by Albert Bandura which suggests that learning occurs during childhood through observation and imitation.
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Scripts
Packages of information that guide our expectations about what we should do in a given situation.
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Core beliefs
Positive, negative or neutral thoughts and assumptions that we hold about ourself, others and the world around us.
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Resilience
A person's ability to cope and bounce back in times of adversity.
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Antisocial personality disorder
A specific type of personality disorder characterised by criminal behaviour.
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Generalisability
Ability to apply a point or finding more widely.
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Central nervous system
This is formed of the brain and spinal cord located within the human body.
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Autonomic nervous system
The peripheral nervous system of the human body which is responsible for unconscious processes, such as heart rate and blood pressure.
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Psychoticism
A personality domain proposed by Hans Eysenck to capture antisocial, aggressive and uncaring traits.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A collection of individuals used as a standard for comparison.
Back
Social reference group
Card 3
Front
Unfavourable perceptions of how a person should act based on their gender.
Back
Card 4
Front
Preconceived attitudes towards a particular person or group based on their characteristics.
Back
Card 5
Front
Behaving in a certain way, or treating somebody in an unhelpful way due to their individual difference (e.g. gender, race, age etc)
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