Cell Cycle and DNA replication key terms

These cards should prove really useful for the final stages of revision where you are recapping things that you already have studied in great detail, ensuring that you know the KEY TERMS. Good for if you are wanting to test with a friend.

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  • Created by: Molly
  • Created on: 24-04-13 10:54
What are the two main stages of Cell Division?
Nuclear Division - the process by which the nucleus divide and consists of either mitosis or meiosis. Cell division - follows nuclear division and is the process by which the ENTIRE cell divides.
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What must happen to a nucleus before it divides? Why?
It's DNA must be copied. To ensure that all daughter cells have the same genetic information to produce enzymes and proteins that they need.
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What is the definition of semi-conservative replication?
The means by which DNA makes exact copies of itself by unwinding the double helix so that each chain acts as a template for the next chain. The new copies possess one original strand and one new strand of DNA.
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What are the four requirements for semi-conservative replication?
The 4 nucleotides, ATGC must be present, both strands of the DNA molecule must act as a template for the attachment of these nucleotides, the enzyme DNA polymerase is needed to catalyse the reaction, and a source of chemical energy is required.
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What DNA enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds that link the two strands of DNA?
DNA Helicase
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What happens in Stage 1 of semi-conservative replication?
The enzyme DNA helicase breaks the hydrogen bonds linking the two strands of DNA.
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What happens in Stage 2 of semi-conservative replication?
The double helix unwinds in to two seperate strands.
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What happens in Stage 3 of semi-conservative replication?
Each exposed polynucelotide then acts as a template to which complementary nucleotide bases are attached.
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What happens in Stage 4 of semi-conservative replication?
chemical energy is used to activate these nucleotides.
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What happens in Stage 5 of semi-conservative replication?
The activated polynucleotides are joined together by the enzyme DNA polymerase to form the 'missing' strand on each of the two original strands of DNA.
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What happens in Stage 6 of semi-conservative replication?
Each of the new DNA strands contains one of the original DNA strands, half has been saved and therefore the process is 'semi-conservative'.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What must happen to a nucleus before it divides? Why?

Back

It's DNA must be copied. To ensure that all daughter cells have the same genetic information to produce enzymes and proteins that they need.

Card 3

Front

What is the definition of semi-conservative replication?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the four requirements for semi-conservative replication?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What DNA enzyme breaks the hydrogen bonds that link the two strands of DNA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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