British empire 1.2 prep flashcards

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Name 2 long term causes of 1857 Indian sepoy mutiny
Increasing intolerance towards Indians: In 1780: 1 in 3 EIC employees married Indian women. In 1820: only 1 in 7 EIC employees married Indian women, increasing desire to westernise Indians: 1835 Macaulay’s Act a Minute on Education led to Indian Elite lea
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Name 2 short term causes of 1857 Indian sepoy mutiny
Rumours spread that the gun catridges were greased with pig fat which is intolerable for muslims
Anger felt by landowners and nobles who had been deprived of their lands by the Governor-General Dalhousie.
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When did India come under formal British rile?
1858
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What % of India was princely states by 1858?
40%
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What happened to Christian missionaries after 1858 in India?
Actively discouraged
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When was the Indian National Congress formed?
1885
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Name 2 terms of the 1858 Government of India Act
Secretary of State for India (a cabinet position) created.
India Council of 15 members appointed to advise Secretary of State for India.
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How did the British try to gain loyalty from the Princes in India in 1858?
Ended the doctrine of lapse meaning that Princes could have a say in who their successor was (although the British retained ultimate sovereignty)
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Define the doctrine of lapse
A practice that stated a Princely state fell under British rule when the rulers line of descent ended. The doctrine was ended by the British in 1858 in an attempt to gain greater support from Princes.
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Who controlled British affairs in India?
Empress of India, Secretary of State for India and India Council and Viceroy headed up administration of India
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How did the British change the army in India between the 1840’s-1880’s? Name 2 specific ways
All field artillery was placed in British hands and Indians were denied officer ranking although British troops were ordered to show greater respect to sepoy traditions and beliefs.

Increased the ration of British to India troops so that by the late 1880
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By how many miles did the British expand the railways in India after between 1857-1867?
3000 miles
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What was set up by Viceroy Canning to prevent an over reliance on the army in India?
The Imperial Police Force
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Name a specific example of Britain being reactive to another European/ Russian powers in its colonial policy.
Afghanistan: Reacting to Russia expansion e.g. Russia took Bukhara (1868)
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Name a specific example of Britain being proactive to another European/ Russian powers in its colonial policy.
Sudan: reacting to French expansion attempts E.g. 1898 Fashoda incident.
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When was the Brussels conference and what did it conclude?
1876: the ideology necessary for colonisation.
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Name 2 ideas that were agreed upon at the Brussels conference
Free trade in the basin of the Congo and its outlets, slave trade should be supressed
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When was the Berlin conference and what did it conclude?
1884-1885: Spheres of influence
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Define ‘effective occupation’.
If a country has local agreements and presence in a region they ‘effectively occupy’ it.
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Define ‘informal empire’
Areas influenced, if not ruled, by the British via deals with local rulers. In theory the British are not involved in politics.
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What good did Britain import to China that made Britain lots of money?
Opium
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Name a treaty in which the British gained trading basis in China thereby establishing informal empire there.
Treaties of Nanking (1842) and Tientsin (1858) which gave Britain trading basis at Shanghai and Hong Kong Island.
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What term does this definition match? ‘Use of force (often naval) to ensure British influence and/or profit.’
Gunboat diplomacy
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Card 2

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Name 2 short term causes of 1857 Indian sepoy mutiny

Back

Rumours spread that the gun catridges were greased with pig fat which is intolerable for muslims
Anger felt by landowners and nobles who had been deprived of their lands by the Governor-General Dalhousie.

Card 3

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When did India come under formal British rile?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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What % of India was princely states by 1858?

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Card 5

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What happened to Christian missionaries after 1858 in India?

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