Bond Polarity

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Give the definition for electronegativity.
Power of an atom to attract the pair of electrons in a covalent bond
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How and why does an increased nuclear charge effect electronegativity?
Increased - more protons in nucleus so a stronger attraction to the bonding pair
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How and why does an increased number of electron shells effect electronegativity?
Decreased - bonding electrons are more shilded from nuclear charge so weaker attraction
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How and why does an increased atomic radius effect electronegativity?
Decreased - nucleus is further from bonding pairs and so a weaker attraction
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Explain the trend of electronegaitiviy down a group.
Decreasing - number of electron shells increases, more electron shielding so less attraction. Atoms get larger, so BP futher from nucleus.
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Explain the trend of electronegativity across a period.
Increasing - uincreased nucluear charge, so more protons in nucleus so stronger attractions. Atoms decrease in size so nucleus is clsoer to BP.
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What is the definition for polarity?
Unequal sharing of electrons in a bond
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When does a non-polar covalent bond occur?
When two atoms have the same electronegativity.
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What does a non-polar covalent bond mean?
Covalent bond where two electrons are shared equally.
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Give an example of a non-polar covalent bond.
Cl-Cl
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When does a polar covalent bond occur?
When two atoms have different electronegativities.
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What does a polar covalent bond mean?
Covalent bond where two electrons are not shared equally
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Which atom are the electrons closer to in a polar covalent molecule?
The more electronegative molecule
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Give an example of a polar covalent bond.
HCl
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How and why does an increased nuclear charge effect electronegativity?

Back

Increased - more protons in nucleus so a stronger attraction to the bonding pair

Card 3

Front

How and why does an increased number of electron shells effect electronegativity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How and why does an increased atomic radius effect electronegativity?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain the trend of electronegaitiviy down a group.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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