Biology-All Cells arise from other Cells-Cancer
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- Created by: tonishax
- Created on: 07-12-23 11:51
What is cancer?
uncontrolled cell division
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This is a result of ________ in ______ that regulate _____?
result of mutations in genes that regulate mitosis
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This creates a?
tumour
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What is a tumour?
a group/mass of cells where they shouldnt be
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What are the two types of cancer?
benign
malignant
malignant
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BENIGN
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These can grow ____ but at a ____ ___?
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These can grow ____ but at a ____ ___?
can grow large but at a slow rate
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Is this cancerous?
no
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This is because its is trapped?
in a membrane/capsule
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They are in a fixed?
position
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They are non-?
invasive
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Meaning?
they dont spread and damage other healthy cells and tissues
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They cant travel in?
the blood
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It is no life?
threatening depending on location
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MALIGNANT
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These grow _____ very ____?
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These grow _____ very ____?
grow large very rapidly
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These are ____ meaning what?
invasive meaning they spread and damage other healthy cells and tissues
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This happens by what process?
metastasis
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Metastasis is the ability to ____ ___ a ___ site and infect a _____ site?
ability to break off a primary site and infect a secondary site
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This means it can infect?
another part of the body
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By travelling?
in the bloodstream
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And forming a?
secondary tumour
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Malignant tumours are not?
encapsulated
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So they can grow _____ and release ______ to make _____ _____ grow towards it to form its own ____ ___?
can grow projections and release chemicals to make blood vessels grow towards it to form its own blood supply
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This type of cancer is?
life threatening
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Which phase of the cell cycle are you most likely to develop cancer?
S phase where DNA is copied
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However not all cancers are a ______ e.g._____ ____?
not all are a tumour e.g. blood cancers
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TUMOUR FORMATIONS
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This happens due to a ____ ____?
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This happens due to a ____ ____?
gene mutation
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In what 4 genes?
tumour suppressor genes
oncogene
abnormal methylation
increased oestrogen conc
oncogene
abnormal methylation
increased oestrogen conc
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ONCOGENES
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These are the mutated version of?
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These are the mutated version of?
proto-oncogenes
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What is the role of a proto oncogene?
it creates protein when the body needs new cells
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If the proto-oncogene is mutated into an oncogene it becomes?
permanently activated
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Meaning?
cells are dividing constantly
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TUMOUR SUPRESSOR GENES
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These produce ______?
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These produce ______?
proteins
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To do what to cell division?
slow down cell division
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And cause cell ____ if any DNA _____ ____ are detected?
and cause cell death if any DNA copying errors are
detected
detected
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This mutation causes proteins?
to not be made
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Meaning cell division?
continues
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And mutated cells?
are not detected
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ABNORMAL METHYLATION
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This is where _____ groups are attached to _____?
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This is where _____ groups are attached to _____?
methyl groups are attached to DNA
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This causes the gene to?
turn on and off
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If a tumour suppressor gene is ______methylated?
hypermethylated
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This means there is a _______ in methyl attached to DNA?
increase
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This results in the genes turning?
off?
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So the amount of protein?
produced is reduced
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meaning cell division?
continues
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As protein is needed?
to slow down cell division
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Oncogenes can become ______methylated?
hypomethylated
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This causes a ______ in the amount of methyl attached to the DNA?
decrease
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This causes the gene to be?
permanently turned on
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This increases?
the protein produced
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meaning cell division?
continues
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As protein is only meant to be made ?
when the body needs new cells
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INCREASES OESTROGEN CONC
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Oestrogen is produced by?
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Oestrogen is produced by?
the ovaries
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To regulate?
the menstrual cycle
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After the_______ this ____?
after the menopause this stops
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Now oestrogen is made where?
in fat cells in breast tissue
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This results in a ?
tumour
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This tumour can cause more?
oestrogen to be released
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This can also attract?
WBC which increases the tumour size
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At a ____ rate?
faster
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Oestrogen binds to the gene that?
initiated transcription
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If this is a ?
proto oncogene
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This results in it being permanently?
turned on
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Which results in?
uncontrolled cell division
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TREATMENT OF CANCER
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This usually involves killing?
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This usually involves killing?
dividing cells
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By blocking?
part of cell cycle
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example?
chemotherapy
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However this also disrupts?
the cell cycle of normal cells too
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
This is a result of ________ in ______ that regulate _____?
Back
result of mutations in genes that regulate mitosis
Card 3
Front
This creates a?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is a tumour?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the two types of cancer?
Back
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