biology

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How is genetic information passed from parents to offspring?
The nucleus of gamete cells contain the genetic material which is passed from parent to offspring.
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Suggest which humans are classed as "genetic clones"?
Identical twins.
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Plant clones are genetically identical. Why do some clones look different?
Clones have the same genetic material but during development the organism may be changed due to the environmental factors like the amount of light or nutrients.
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What is meant by a "host" animal?
The one in which a transplanted embryo develops.
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What is done to the fused cell to start off the process of cell division in adult cell cloning?
An electric shock is applied to the cell.
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Why are you similar to both your parent but not identical to either?
Offspring inherit genes from both parents, different combinations of genes lead to the appearance of different physical characteristics.
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In what way are embryo transplants similar to what happens when identical twins form?
A single embryo is formed which then splits into two in identical twins, in cloning the embryo is split into several groups of cells.
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How are calf embryos cloned?
After sexual reproduction, a single embryo is produced. Before the cells specialise the embryo is split into several groups of cells. Each group is transplanted into a different host mother. The calves born are all genetically identical.
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Why is embryo cloning sometimes used by cattle breeders rather than letting cattle breed naturally?
Cloning top class animals is quicker and cheaper. Cattle only produce one or two young a year which can be increased by atleast 60. To clone prize cows and can be flown round the world.
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Outline the process of genetic engineering?
A gene is cut from a chromosome of one organism using enzymes. The gene is then transferred to the chromosome of another organism. The gene then controls characteristics in the second organism.
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Give two advantages of genetic engineering?
compounds of insulin can be produced in large quantities. Antibodies can be produced to treat disease. Herbicide and insect-resistant crops can be produced.
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How are crops genetically modified?
A gene is transferred from another organism into the chromosome of the crop plant.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Suggest which humans are classed as "genetic clones"?

Back

Identical twins.

Card 3

Front

Plant clones are genetically identical. Why do some clones look different?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is meant by a "host" animal?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is done to the fused cell to start off the process of cell division in adult cell cloning?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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