change in the DNA base sequence of chromosomes, substitution - one base replaced with a different base, deletion - base is removed from normal DNA sequence
1 of 22
mutagenic agent
uv, gamma, alpha, beta radiation
2 of 22
genetic diversity
number of different alleles of genes in a population
3 of 22
alleles
different versions of the same gene
4 of 22
natural selection
Mutation, Variation, Adaptation, Survival, Reproduction, Frequency
5 of 22
meiosis 1
chromosomes condense and arrange into homologous pairs in centre of cell, spindle fibres attach to chromosome at centromere, homologous pairs separate to opposite poles
6 of 22
meiosis 2
spindle fibres attach to chromosomes at centromere, sister chromatids separate to opposite poles, 4 genetically different haploid gametes produced
7 of 22
crossing over
chromosomes in each homologous pair ( a bivalent) twist around each other, chiasma may form - alleles break off and rejoin to chromatid on sister chromosome, alleles are exchanged - new combination of alleles
8 of 22
species
two organisms that can breed to produce fertile offspring
9 of 22
courtship behaviour
identify mate of the same species, capable and receptive of breeding,
10 of 22
phylogenetic classification system
attempts to arrange species into group based on evolutionary origins and relationships
11 of 22
hierachy
smaller groups placed in larger groups with no overlap
12 of 22
classification order
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
13 of 22
species richness
number of different species in a community
14 of 22
index of diversity
describes relationship between species richness and number of individuals in each species
15 of 22
evolutionary relationships between organisms
frequency of measurable characteristics, compare bases sequences of DNA, compare bases sequences of mRNA, compare amino acid sequences in the same protein
16 of 22
biodiversity
number and variety of organisms in an area
17 of 22
quantitative investigations
collecting data from large, random sample, calculating and interpreting mean and SD, identifying stats test, writing H0 and calculating a p value
18 of 22
random sampling
avoids any bias
19 of 22
standard deviation
the spread of the data about the mean
20 of 22
stabilising selection
occurs in unchanging environment, selects against extreme phenotypes, mean mode median are unaltered, range and SD are reduced, eliminates capacity for evolutionary change
21 of 22
directional selection
changing environment, favours extreme phenotypes, mean mode median increase or decrease, range and SD unaltered, leads to evolutionary change
22 of 22
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
uv, gamma, alpha, beta radiation
Back
mutagenic agent
Card 3
Front
number of different alleles of genes in a population
Back
Card 4
Front
different versions of the same gene
Back
Card 5
Front
Mutation, Variation, Adaptation, Survival, Reproduction, Frequency
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