Basic concepts and hydrocarbons 0.0 / 5 ? ChemistryFunctional GroupsA2/A-levelOCR Created by: Kat098Created on: 05-04-18 15:20 Homologous series A series of organic compunds that have the same functional group with successive memebers differeing by CH3 1 of 41 Aliphatic hydrocarbons Carbon atoms joined together in either straight or branched chains 2 of 41 Alicyclic hydrocarbons Carbon atoms are joined in a ring structure but are not aromatic 3 of 41 Aromatic hydrocarbons At least one benzene ring in the structure 4 of 41 Stem Main part of name. the longest carbon chain or parent chain 5 of 41 Suffix Eend of name. Most important functional group 6 of 41 Prefix Front of name. Identifies other functional groups and carbon atoms they are attached to 7 of 41 Saturatd compound Have only single bonds 8 of 41 A functional group A group of atoms that is responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of a compound 9 of 41 General formula Simplest algebraic formula (C4H10) 10 of 41 Display formula Shows relative position of all the atoms in a moleucle and the bonds between them 11 of 41 Structural formula Gives minimal detail for the arragment of the atoms in a molecule (CH3(CH2)CH3) 12 of 41 Skeletal formula Lines are used to indicate alkyl chains 13 of 41 Unsaturated Contains at least one carbon-carbon double covalent bond 14 of 41 Structual isomers Compounds with same molecular formula but differnt arrangement of their atoms/ different structual formula 15 of 41 Sterioisomerism Compund with same moleuclar formula and structural formula, but different arragement of atoms in space 16 of 41 Cis-trans isomerism Tyope of E/Z bond, but the two substituent groups attached to both carbon atoms are the same 17 of 41 E/Z isomerism a type of steriosomerism caused by the restricted rotation around a carbon-carbon double bond 18 of 41 Covalent bond fission A strong electrostatic attraction between a shared pair of electrons and the nucleus being broken 19 of 41 Homolytic fission Covalent bond breaks and each electron goes to a different bonded atom 20 of 41 Heterolyic fission Covalent bond breaks and both electrons go to one of the bonded atoms, forming two ions 21 of 41 Covalent bond formation When two radicals or two oppositely charged ions collide 22 of 41 Carbocation Very reactive intermediates 23 of 41 Radicals Highly reactive species with one or more unpaired electrons 24 of 41 Radical substitution An organic mechanism involving radicals where one or more atoms get exchanged 25 of 41 Electrophilic addition reactions Two or more molecules are bonded to make one product 26 of 41 Electrophiles an electron-pair acceptor (+) 27 of 41 Hydrogenation An addition reaction where hydrogen is added across a C=C bond 28 of 41 Halogenation An addition reaction where a halogen is added across a C=C bond 29 of 41 Hydration An addition reaction between a gaseous alkene and steam, used to make alcohols 30 of 41 Addition of hydrogen halides An addition reaction where a hydrogen halide is added across a C=C bond 31 of 41 Markownikoff's rule When H-X moleucle is added to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen attaches to the carbon with most hydrogens already attached 32 of 41 Monomers Small moleucle used to make polymers 33 of 41 Polymers A macromolecule made from small repeating units 34 of 41 Biodegradable Materials that are affected by microorganisms and environmental conditions, leading to decompositon 35 of 41 Bioplastic Material made from renewable source that is biodegradable 36 of 41 Dehydration a chemical reaction where a water molecule is eliminated from an organic compund 37 of 41 Elimination An organic chemical reaction where one reactant forms two products, with usually a small moelucle like water being released3 38 of 41 Photodegradable capable of being decomposed by the action of light, especially sunlight 39 of 41 Pie bonds Sideways overlap of adjacent p-orbitals above and below the bonding C atoms 40 of 41 Sigma bonds Made by direct overlap between orbitals on the bonding atoms 41 of 41
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