Method to observe attachment between child and caregiver.
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Ainsworth’s Strange Situation : attachment types
Secure
Avoidant
Ambivalent
Disorganised
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Ainsworth’s Strange Situation : key dates
1970: Strange Situation studies conducted.
1978: Findings published in "Patterns of Attachment."
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Ainsworth’s Strange Situation :quote
"A securely attached child is free to explore and is confident that the caregiver will be available to provide comfort and protection when needed."
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Harlow’s Monkeys : key concepts
Importance of "contact comfort" over food in attachment.
Infant monkeys preferred the soft cloth mother to the wire mother with food.
Demonstrated that comfort and security are crucial for social development.
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Harlow’s Monkeys : key dates
1958: Study published in "Scientific American."
1965: Long-term effects of isolation published.
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Harlow’s Monkeys : quote
"Contact comfort is a variable of overwhelming importance in the development of affectional responses."
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Imprinting (Lorenz): key concepts
Imprinting: A young animal’s early attachment to a moving object.
Occurs during a critical period shortly after birth.
Irreversible once established.
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Imprinting (Lorenz): Key Dates
1935: Lorenz’s work on imprinting published.
1973: Lorenz awarded Nobel Prize.
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Imprinting (Lorenz): Quote
"Imprinting is distinguished by its occurrence during a restricted time period, its permanency, and the preference for a species-specific object."
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Secure Attachment Characteristics
Child explores freely when caregiver is present.
Shows distress when caregiver leaves but is easily comforted upon return.
Caregiver is responsive and sensitive to the child's needs.
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Secure Attachment Outcome
Leads to healthy, trusting relationships in adulthood.
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Avoidant attachment Characteristics
Child shows little to no distress when caregiver leaves.
Avoids or ignores caregiver upon return.
Caregiver is often emotionally unavailable or unresponsive
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Avoidant attachment Outcome
May lead to difficulties with intimacy and emotional expression in adulthood.
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Ambivalent (Resistant) Attachment Characteristics
Child is highly distressed when caregiver leaves.
Seeks comfort but is ambivalent or angry upon caregiver’s return.
Caregiver’s responses are inconsistent.
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Ambivalent (Resistant) Attachment Outcome
Can result in anxiety, clinginess, and uncertainty in relationships.
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Disorganised Attachment
Characteristics
Child shows confused or contradictory behaviors, such as approaching caregiver but with hesitation or fear.
Often linked to traumatic or abusive situations.
Caregiver is a source of both comfort and fear.
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Disorganised Attachment
Outcome
May lead to difficulties with emotional regulation and higher risk for mental health issues.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Secure
Avoidant
Ambivalent
Disorganised
Back
Ainsworth’s Strange Situation : attachment types
Card 3
Front
1970: Strange Situation studies conducted.
1978: Findings published in "Patterns of Attachment."
Back
Card 4
Front
"A securely attached child is free to explore and is confident that the caregiver will be available to provide comfort and protection when needed."
Back
Card 5
Front
Importance of "contact comfort" over food in attachment.
Infant monkeys preferred the soft cloth mother to the wire mother with food.
Demonstrated that comfort and security are crucial for social development.
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