Alkanes burn in air (oxygen) with: • a yellow flame, and • little or no smoke. (i) CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O (ii) C6H14 + 9½O2 6CO2 + 7H2O
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Cracking of Alkanes
In the process large less useful hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller more useful molecules, which are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. C6H14 C4H10 + CH2=CH2 hexane butane
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Photochlorination of Methane
Methane reacts vigorously with chlorine • sunlight (ultra-violet light). • There is no reaction in the dark. The following reactions occur between methane and chlorine: (i) CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl chloromethan
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Reactions of Alkenes Reactions of Ethene and Propene 1. Preparation of Ethene (elimination reaction)
Ethene is prepared from bromoethane by the elimination of HBr. • reflux • sodium hydroxide in ethanol (alcoholic NaOH) CH3CH2Br CH2=CH2 + HBr
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catalytic hydrogenation (reduction)
• Nickel catalyst • temperature of 150º C CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3CH3 ethene ethane
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
In the process large less useful hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller more useful molecules, which are a mixture of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. C6H14 C4H10 + CH2=CH2 hexane butane
Back
Cracking of Alkanes
Card 3
Front
Methane reacts vigorously with chlorine • sunlight (ultra-violet light). • There is no reaction in the dark. The following reactions occur between methane and chlorine: (i) CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl chloromethan
Back
Card 4
Front
Ethene is prepared from bromoethane by the elimination of HBr. • reflux • sodium hydroxide in ethanol (alcoholic NaOH) CH3CH2Br CH2=CH2 + HBr
Back
Card 5
Front
• Nickel catalyst • temperature of 150º C CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3CH3 ethene ethane
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