AS 1.4 Chemistry Intermolecular Forces

Created by: Anna McGuigan
Created on: 01-04-24 20:51

Intermolecular forces

Forces between neighbouring molecules

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Example
Definitions

Example: van Der Waals

Definition: forces of attraction between instantaneous and induced dipoles on neighbouring molecules

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Example
Definitions

Example: Permanent dipole-dipole attractions

Definition: These are forces of attraction between the positive end of the permanent dipole on a molecule with the negative end of the permanent dipole on a neighbouring molecule

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Example
Definitions

Example:Hydrogen Bonding

Definition: The force of attraction between a lone pair of electron on a very electronegative atom N, O or F on one molecule and a hydrogen on a neighbouring molecule in which the hydrogen is covalently bonded to a very electrone

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Testing Polarity of liquids

1. Place liquid in a burette and place a beaker underneath the jet
2. Open tap and allow a small stream of liquid to run off from the burette
3. Hold a charged polythene rod close to the stream
4. To compare the polarity of two liquids use two burettes si

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Hydrogen bonding in ice

In ice the hydrogen bonds hold the molecules in fixed positions
Each water molecule is hydrogen bonded to 4 others in a tetrahedral formation
The water molecules in ice are further apart, leading to a more opened structure and so a lower density

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