AQA Biology Unit 3a-Life processes

A quiz to test knowledge of the first topcis in the Biology unit 3 for 2013 examinations.

?
  • Created by: Chad
  • Created on: 10-05-13 17:41
Define osmosis
The movement of water from a high to a low concentration across a partially permeable membrane
1 of 66
Define Active Transport
The movement of particles from an area of low to high concentration (energy is needed for this to happen so is supplied from respiration)
2 of 66
What happens when you breathe in?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract this increases the thorax volume which decreases the pressure drawing air in
3 of 66
What happens when you breathe out?
Intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax so thorax volume decreases which increases the pressure so air is forced out
4 of 66
What is the name given to 'the movement of air in and out of the lungs'
Ventilation
5 of 66
Give 4 ways in which the alveoli are specialized for to maximize the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
1.enormous surface area 2.moist lining for dissolving gasses 3.very thin walls to decrease diffusion distance 4.good blood supply
6 of 66
Why does the small intestine have a high concentration of villi lining it's surface?
Increases surface area so digested food can be absorbed quickly into the blood supply
7 of 66
Explain how the villi are adapted for their purpose?
large surface area for increased diffusion rate, single layer of surface cells to allow diffusion to be easier and a good blood supply for quick absorption
8 of 66
digested food is moved into the blood from the villi by which process?
Active Transport
9 of 66
Why do the root hair cells have several long hair cells sticking out of them?
It increases surface area to increase the amount of water and mineral ions that get absorbed from the soil
10 of 66
Why do root hair cells need to use active transport instead of diffusion to transfer minerals into the plant from the soil?
The concentration on the inside of the root hair cell is higher than on the outside so by the rules of diffusion the minerals would be traveling the wrong way; active transport allows the minerals to travel across the concentration gradient
11 of 66
When there is a lower concentration of nutrients in the gut, how does active transport prevent us from starving?
It allows the nutrients to be transferred against the concentration gradient into the blood supply preventing us from starving
12 of 66
What is the job of the Phloem in plants?
To transport food substances (like glucose) to growing regions (like new shoots)
13 of 66
What is the job of the Xylem in plants?
To transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves in the transpiration stream
14 of 66
Define transpiration
Transpiration is caused by the evaporation and diffusion of water from inside the leaves
15 of 66
What are the holes on the underside of the leaf called?
Stomata
16 of 66
What cells control the size of the stomata?
Guard cells
17 of 66
What is the purpose of the guard cells?
they change the size of the stomata dependent on the amount of water being drawn in by the roots compared to the amount being lost from the stomata
18 of 66
In what conditions does diffusion of water vapour out of the leaf work best?
Hot, dry, windy-Increases evaporation
19 of 66
Define the term Double circulatory system
Two circuits joined together
20 of 66
Describe how the heart pumps blood around the body(try and use as many keywords as possible)
Blood flows into the two atria from the vena cava and the pulmonary vein, the atria contract pushing the blood into the ventricles. The ventricles then contract forcing the blood into the pulmonary artery and the aorta and out of the heart
21 of 66
Describe the jobs of the arteries, capillaries and veins.
The arteries carry blood away from the heart, the capillaries are involved in exchange of materials at the tissues and the veins carry blood back to the heart
22 of 66
Arteries pump blood under pressure? true or fals
True.
23 of 66
Why do the capillaries have walls that are one cell thick?
They are involved in the exchange of materials so having a small wall decreases the distance that diffusion occurs
24 of 66
What particular feature make the veins differ from capillaries and arteries?
The valves to keep the blood flowing in the correct direction
25 of 66
What substance does the red blood cell contain?
haemoglobin
26 of 66
What reaction takes place to allow the RBC to carry the oxygen?
The oxygen reacts with the haemoglobin to form oxyhaemoglobin which can be carried to the tissues where the reverse reaction takes place
27 of 66
What is the job of the white blood cell?
To defend against disease
28 of 66
Describe the job of the platelets
They are small fragments of cells that clot a wound and prevent blood pouring out and microbes getting in
29 of 66
List the things that the plasma carries
RBCs, WBCs, platelets, nutrients(amino acids and glucose), carbon dioxide,urea,hormones,antibodies and antitoxins
30 of 66
Describe how artificial blood can keep you alive in an emergency
when someone has lost a lot of blood the artificial blood is used to keep the volume topped up to allow the patient enough time to create more blood cells thus keeping them alive.
31 of 66
What are the purpose of artificial hearts?
To pump blood for a patient whose heart has failed.
32 of 66
What is the main advantage of an artificial heart?
They do not get rejected by the bodies immune system(due to them being made out of metal or plastic)
33 of 66
List some disadvantages of an artificial heart
1.surgery could cause bleeding or infection 2.parts could wear out or the electric motor fail 3.blood doesn't run as smoothly through them so could cause clots and lead to strokes;blood thinning pills taken-bleeding out from cuts or accidents lethal
34 of 66
Describe the function of a stent
They keep the arteries open to allow blood to flow through easily, this keeps the person's heart beating -and alive
35 of 66
what is the importance of stents for a patient with coronary heart disease?
To prevent heart attacks
36 of 66
What is the major disadvantage of a stent?
The stent can irritate the artery it is placed in and cause scar tissue to grow which can cause the artery to narrow again so the patient must take blood clot prevention medication
37 of 66
Define homeostasis
The maintenance of a constant internal environment
38 of 66
What are the six main things that the body needs to control?
Body temperature (37) water content, ion content, blood sugar levels, carbon dioxide and urea
39 of 66
Describe how the body would react to cool you down
Hairs would lie flat on the skin and sweat would be produced from the sweat glands which would evaporate off the skin, the blood vessels would dilate so more blood flows to the surface making heat transfer easier
40 of 66
What three main roles do the kidneys perform?
removal of urea from the blood, adjustment of ion content in the blood and adjustment of water content in the blood
41 of 66
How and where is urea produced?
The conversion of amino acids into fats and carbohydrates form the waste product of urea, this is done in the LIVER
42 of 66
If a salty meal is eaten, what ions will be removed by the kidneys?
excess sodium ions
43 of 66
What are the three main ways in which water is lost from the body?
1) Urine 2) sweating 3)In the air we breathe out
44 of 66
What are the three controllable ways the balance of water is kept in the body?
1) Liquids consumed 2)Amount sweated out 3)Amount excreted by the kidneys in urine
45 of 66
Describe the water control in the body on a cold day
You won't sweat as much so more urine will be produced and it will be pale and dilute
46 of 66
Describe the water control in the body on a hot day
You sweat a lot and you'll produce less urine which will be dark coloured and concentrated
47 of 66
What are the job of sports drinks such as isotonics?
They replace lost water, sugar and ions
48 of 66
What are the factors to judge a statement such as 'Sports drinks rehydrate you better than water'
Whether the report is a scientific study published in a reputable journal, whether it was written by a qualified person (dr or professor) whether the sample size is large enough and if other studies have found the same results
49 of 66
What is the name of the filtration unit in the kidney?
The nephrons
50 of 66
Explain how ultrafiltration works
A high pressure is built up, pushes the water, urea, ions and sugar out of the blood into the bowmans capsule. The membranes between the vessels and BCapsule are filters stopping proteins and RBCs from getting removed
51 of 66
Explain the reabsorption process in the nephron and what is reabsorbed back into the blood
As the liquid flows along the nephron all the useful substances get reabsorbed back into the blood: all the sugar is reabsorbed by active transport, Sufficient ions (by active transport) are reabsorbed excess aren't and sufficient water reabsorbed
52 of 66
Describe how the nephron releases waste
The remaining substances including urea continue out of the nephron into the ureter and down to the bladder as urine
53 of 66
What are the effects on a person who has suffered a kidney failure?
Waste substances build up in the blood and the body loses the ability to control the water and ion content in the body which eventually leads to death
54 of 66
How can we treat kidney failure?
Dialysis treatment or a kidney transplant
55 of 66
How does dialysis work?
Blood is pumped through dialysis fluid which allows the waster products to be removed (but not proteins as there is a permeable membrane there) once the excess water and ions and waste have been filtered out the blood flows back into the patient
56 of 66
List the advantages and disadvantages of dialysis treatment
Pros: It keeps the patient alive by filtering blood, It can be used as temporary treatment whilst waiting on a donor list. Cons: It's inconvenient and has to be done three times a week for 3-4 hours, It can also cause clots or infections
57 of 66
How does the body reject transplants?
The immune system will attack foreign antigens on the donor kidney
58 of 66
What is done to prevent the rejection of kidney transplants?
A donor with a similar tissue type is chosen (therefore the same antigens) and the patient takes immune system suppression drugs which weaken the immune system to prevent rejection
59 of 66
What are the two hormones which control blood glucose levels?
Insulin and glucagon
60 of 66
Explain what would happen when the body's glucose level is too high
Insulin would be secreted by the pancreas which then tells the liver to remove the glucose (where it is turned into glycogen) the insulin is also taken in by the liver and the process reduces the glucose level
61 of 66
Explain what would happen if the body's glucose level is too low
Glucagon gets secreted by the pancreas telling the liver to release glucose which is then secreted to the blood increasing the glucose levels, the glycagon is then removed by the liver
62 of 66
What are the causes of type 1 diabetes?
The pancreas produces very little or no insulin
63 of 66
How can diabetes be controlled?
Avoiding food rich in carbohydrates(sugars) exercise after eating to try and use up excess glucose. Injecting insulin into the body to make the liver remove glucose
64 of 66
What are the two factors that effect the amount of insulin a diabetic must inject?
There diet and how much exercise they do
65 of 66
What are the advantages and disadvantages of insulin injections?
Pros:It helps control the bodies glucose levels Cons: not as effective as a working pancreas so they may still have long term health problems
66 of 66

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define Active Transport

Back

The movement of particles from an area of low to high concentration (energy is needed for this to happen so is supplied from respiration)

Card 3

Front

What happens when you breathe in?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens when you breathe out?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the name given to 'the movement of air in and out of the lungs'

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

Brandan Hayes

Report

Fantastic!

Swallowtail

Report

A very useful set of flashcards covering the early topics  (including circulation, homeostasis,photosynthesis and transpiration)  in the AQA specification. The answers are written in a clear understandable way which is very helpful.

Hamzahmed

Report

life on earth? Darwin"s Theory Of Evolution?

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »